Le veki ibaluleke kakhulu kwabo bonwabela izinto ezimangalisayo phantsi komhlaba, ukuhamba nabantwana okanye imihlaba ebonakala ngathi ayintsomi. Namhlanje kukujika kwezinto ezintle Umqolomba waseValporquero.
Lo mqolomba ubunokuphefumlela u-Ursula Leguin, Tolkien, okanye nawuphi na umbhali obalaseleyo. Oku kwiphondo laseLeón, engekude kwikomkhulu, kwaye ukhenketho kuyamangalisa.
Umqolomba waseValporquero
Umqolomba waseValporquero kukufuphi neValporquero de Torío, kwiphondo laseLeón kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-47 ukusuka kwikomkhulu. Kuthiwa ngowona mqolomba "mncinci" eCastilla y León kuba awunanto iminyaka esisigidi. Oko kukuthi, ukwakhiwa kwayo kubuyela kwiPleistocene, xa amanzi abanda ngumsinga weValporquero aqala ukungena kwilitye lekalika, ilitye elinomhlwa ukuba likho, elinika amagumbi kunye nokwakheka kwamatye esiwabonayo namhlanje.
Asinakuthetha kakhulu ngokufunyanwa kwalo mqolomba umnandi, ubukho bayo buye baziwa kuphela kwiinkulungwane ezintathu ezinesiqingatha, kodwa akukho ngxelo ibhaliweyo malunga nokuba yayinjani okanye ngubani oyifumeneyo. Iingcali zejioloji zichaze ukwakheka kwayo, enkosi kumanzi omsinga, kwaye ke namhlanje sibona ubuhle emiqolombeni emibinis. Eyesibini yenziwa kukunyanzelwa kwamanzi ukuba achwechwe phakathi kwelitye, kusombiwa umngxunya ogqityiweyo waba yingxangxasi.
Isango lomqolomba liphakame kwiimitha ezili-1300, phantsi kwedolophu eyibhaptiziweyo. Inqanaba elingentla ziimitha ezili-1300 ubude Kwaye kulapha ukuba ukhenketho lunokuhamba ngcono kuba yonke into ilungiselelwe kakhulu, kunye neendlela, izinyuko ezinomgaqo kaloliwe kunye nezibane. Inqanaba elingezantsi libanzi, lineemitha ezingama-3500, nangaphantsi komhlaba kodwa ngenxa yeso sizathu kanye Ifikeleleka kuphela kwiingcali kunye neecave.
Umqolomba Kuyabanda kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi lijikelezile 7 ºC Ke iimpahla ezishushu azinakuphoswa, ngakumbi xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukufuma kuphantse kwaba yi-100%.
Ndwendwela uMqolomba waseValporquero
Njengoko besesitshilo, inqanaba eliphezulu lelo livulekileyo eluntwini jikelele, Abantu abafuna kuphela ukufudumala okuncinci kunye nezihlangu ezifanelekileyo. Nazi ukhenketho olwahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka, enye imfutshane kwaye enye inde. Eyokuqala zii-1.6 zeekhilomitha ukuya kwi-2.5 km, uhambo olujikelezayo, iyure enye, kumhlaba omanzi rhoqo kwaye ukungalingani kugcinwe zizinyuko kunye nezitampu.
Ngapha uza kubona stalagmites, stalactites, iikholamu kunye nokuhamba kwiigalari ezininzi ezilungiselelwe utyelelo, ezisoloko zinesikhokelo. Ke, kukho iGran Vía, iStactactitic Cemetery, iHadas, igumbi lamaMangaliso amancinci okanye iGreat Rotada. Onke la magama aphendula kuphela kwindlela amnandi ngayo la magumbi ... Kwaye ke, akhoyo ulwakhiwo lwamatye ukukhumbuza iNtombikazi okanye isiporho okanye iNqaba yePisa uqobo.
I-Rotunda enkulu, umzekelo, ine-100 yee-cubic metres kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-20. Nantsi ingxolo yamanzi abalekayo ingxola, zezomjelo weValporquero. Kukho ukukhanya okungekuko kodwa kufiphele kwaye kuyacetyiswa kungekudala emva kokuqalisa ukhenketho uya kuziqhelanisa nezithunzi ezithile.
Ewe, kukho amacandelo athile eli nqanaba lokuqala avaliweyo ngenxa yokuba indlela idlula kakhulu kufutshane nokwakheka kwamatye kwaye awufuni abantu bazilinge kwaye bachukumise kakhulu okanye baphule into kwiminqweno yabo yokuthatha "inkumbulo". Sitshilo ukhenketho lokuqala olunokubakho luqulathe utyelelo kumagumbi asixhenxe, kodwa kukho Okwesibini kukude ukubaleka elongezela kancinane kubo ngokugcwalisa igumbi laseGran Vía kunye nokongeza igumbi laseMaravillas kunye neKholamu yobuqu.
Ngoku kuhambelana nomgangatho ophezulu. Kwi inqanaba elisezantsi ibali lelinye. Ayisiyonto yokuba ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo eluntwini, ivuleleke kuphela kuluntu olukhethekileyo ngakumbi. Inqanaba lokuziqhelanisa Ukugcina kwaye isekethe ibizwa "Ikhosi yamanzi". Kukho isikhokelo apha kodwa kuya kufuneka usithande kwaye wazi into kwaye ukhwele nge-neoprene kunye neharness. Izikhokelo ziingcali ezisebenza kwiiarhente ezikhethekileyo ke yonke into ilawulwa.
Ke, ukushwankathela: kukho ukhenketho oluqhelekileyo equka utyelelo kumagumbi amahlanu. Kuhlala iyure kwaye yonke imihla. Amatikiti afunyanwa kwangolo suku lotyelelo. Enye into umgca omde Kubandakanya amagumbi asixhenxe kwaye ukhenketho luhlala iyure enesiqingatha. Yiyo yonke imihla kwaye amatikiti anokuthengwa kwangaphambili kwi-Intanethi okanye kwangolu suku lunye kwiofisi yebhokisi. Isekethe yesithathu yile I-Valporquero engaqhelekanga yeyamaqela amancinci.
Le sekethe ibandakanya igalari yokufikelela kwiNdawo yaManzi, indawo esezantsi yeeMimangaliso, indawo ephezulu yegumbi le-Little Wonders, ichibi kunye nokuphela komqolomba. Inxalenye yokuqala yohambo ayinakhanyiso, kuphela ngeetotshi. Ihlala iiyure ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, iiyure ezintathu kwaye bafundiswa kuphela ngoLwesine, ngeMigqibelo nangeeCawa 9:20 am. Amatikiti athengiswa kuphela kwi-Intanethi.
Umqolomba waseValporquero unendawo yokupaka kwaye indawo ikwanayo indawo yokutyela kunye nerestyu, Zombini zivulwa ngaxeshanye nomqolomba. Ngaphakathi ungonwabela uqikelelo lwee-audiovisual kunye negumbi lomboniso. Kwakhona, ukuba uhamba nabantwana kukho indlela ye- ibala lokudlala encinci enezitulo zokuphumla kunye nomthombo wamanzi.
Ngokucacileyo, undwendwelo kulo mqolomba mhle lunokugqitywa nge- ndwendwela idolophu ngubani oyinike igama. Yindawo entle nelali yasezintabeni enezindlu zamatye. Kwaye ukuba uhambe ngemoto, eyona nto intle kukuvala utyelelo ngokunyuka uye kwi umbono weLa Atalaya, kwiimitha ezili-1.410 zokuphakama, ukusuka apho umbono wommandla ungummangaliso.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo lokundwendwela uMqolomba waseValporquero
- Ukhenketho olufumanekayo: Ngokwesiqhelo, ngokude kunye nokungaqhelekanga
- Ukuvula i-2020: ukusuka kwi-1/3 kuye ku-3 = / 4: NgoLwesine, ngolwesiHlanu nangeempelaveki nangeeholide, yonke imihla. Ukususela kwi-1/5 ukuya kwi-30/9 yonke imihla. Ukususela nge-1/10 ukuya ku-8/12, uLwesine, uLwesihlanu, iimpelaveki, iiholide kunye neebhulorho.
- Iiyure: ngoMatshi, ngo-Epreli, nge-Okthobha, ngo-Novemba nango-Disemba ibhokisi evulekileyo ivuliwe ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-5 ngokuhlwa. UCanzibe, uJuni, uJulayi, uAgasti noSeptemba bavule kude kube li-6 ngokuhlwa.
- Ukhenketho olungaqhelekanga lungoLwezine nangeempelaveki ngo-9: 20 kusasa, ukufumana amatikiti kwi-intanethi kuphela.
- Uhambo olude ngo-Matshi, ngo-Epreli, ngo-Okthobha, ngo-Novemba nango-Disemba ngo-12.30 no-3: 45 emva kwemini phakathi evekini nango-11: 30 kusasa, ngo-1: 15 nange-3: 45 emva kwemini ngeempelaveki nangeholide. NgoMeyi, ngoJuni, ngoJulayi nangoSeptemba ngo-12: 30 nango-4: 30 emva kwemini nange-11: 30 kusasa ngo-1: 00, ngo-3 nange-4: 30 emva kwemini ngeempelaveki nangeeholide. Ngo-Agasti kukho iiyure ezininzi: ngo-11: 30 kusasa, ngo-1: 00, ngo-3 nange-4: 30 emva kwemini phakathi evekini nakumaxesha adlulileyo ngeempela-veki nangeeholide.
- Amaxabiso: Amaxabiso ayabhengezwa njengokubambisa. Itikiti lendlela emdala ngomntu ngamnye libiza i-8,50 ye-euro kunye ne-6,50 yabantwana nabantu abancinci. Ukungena kwendlela eqhelekileyo ngomntu omdala zii-euro ezingama-6 kunye ne-4, 50 yabantwana kunye nabantu abancinci. Ukungena kweValporquero Insólito zii-euro ezingama-18. Kukho amaxabiso aphantsi ngolwesiThathu ngaphandle kweeholide.