Nabani na onomphefumlo womhambi uye wakhangela kwimephu yehlabathi kwaye wajonga ngxi kwi-Indian subcontinent. Yi Indawo enkulu yokhenketho olunomdla nolwezoqoqosho.
Eli candelo lehlabathi laziwa ngokwembali njenge usingasiqithi Hindustan ungathini ukuba, lilizwe lobuhle obuninzi, iinkcubeko kunye nembali. Uninzi luthi ixesha elinye apha kwaye ubomi bakho buya kutshintsha ngonaphakade, ke masibone ukuba ziziphi izinto ezimangalisayo ezisilindeleyo.
Hindustan
Njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, usingasiqithi awuyiyo enye into ngaphandle kwe-Indian subcontinent, ilizwe elenziwe ngezizwe ezisixhenxe: I-Indiya, iSri Lanka, iBhutan, iNepal, iBangladesh, iMaldives nePakistan.
Namhlanje igama elithi Hindustan alisetyenziswanga kakhulu kodwa nawuphi na umfundi wezeMbali uyazi ukuba umnxeba uphuhliswe apha Impucuko ye-indostanic, zahluke mpela kwiinkcubeko zayo yonke iAsia. Inyaniso, igama lidala kakhulu kwaye amaPersi sele eyisebenzisile.
Ummandla wonke uqulethe phantse izigidi ezine ezinesiqingatha seekhilomitha ezizikwere. Kude kube kuchithwe ipeninsula ngeminyaka yoo-40, indawo eninzi yayisaziwa njengeYurophu yaseBritane.
Emva kokuba amandla okoloniyali eqale ukurhoxa, indawo enkulu yommandla yaqala ukubola yaya kumazwe amancinci. Namhlanje ilizwi izwekazi izandi ziqhelekile, nangona kufanele ukuba siyazi loo nto le yodwa ikona yehlabathi igama elisetyenziselwa yona.
Imiba yeJografi
Unjani lo mhlaba usingasiqithi? Ngaba injani imbonakalo yomhlaba, injani imozulu? Masikhumbule ukuba enye kunye nezinye zihlala zibumba impucuko.
Emantla zii malayas kunye Ulwandle lwaseArabhiya, emazantsi Bay ye-bengal apho uSandokan ka-Emilio Salgari wahamba ngenqanawa elwandle. Olunye uluhlu lweentaba yi hindukush, neAfghanistan kwelinye icala nePakistan kwelinye. Kwaye kukwakho nezona ziphantsi IMontes Suleiman.
Xa usazi ukuba i-India lelinye lawona mazwe anabantu abaninzi emhlabeni, ucinga ukuba uxinizelelo lwabantu apha kufuneka lube lukhulu kwaye lukhona. Kuyaziwa oko bamalunga nama-350 abantu abaphila ngekhilomitha nganye engaphezulu, ephindwe kasixhenxe kunaleyo eo umndilili kwihlabathi.
Uqoqosho lweHindustan Peninsula
Amazwe ayathanda I-Indiya, iBangladesh kunye nePakistan zithatha uninzi lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kodwa lelona candelo libonelela ngemisebenzi emininzi. Ndithetha ngo zolimo (ubukhulu becala ukutya), ukufuya iinkomo kunye ukugawulwa kwemithi.
Iti, umqhaphu, irayisi, ingqolowa, amazimba, amazimba, iimbotyi zesoya, ikofu, kunye nommoba zezona zivuno ziphambili kulo mmandla. Kunye nomzi mveliso? Ewe, ikhula ngamandla eIndiya nasePakistan, nangona kunjalo zininzi iifektri zaseBangladesh ezinikezelwe kumzi mveliso wempahla eyolukiweyo kunye nezihlangu, umzekelo.
E-India ishishini lobuchwephesha liphuhlile kakhulu Okwexesha elithile ngoku, ngokusisiseko isoftware, ngelixa usePakistan, ubuncinci kude kube yimfazwe, into eyayiluncedo yayiyimizi-mveliso yamayeza kunye neoyile.
I-Indiya itsala uninzi lokhenketho kuba imeko yezopolitiko yabanye abamelwane bayo ayitsali zindwendwe. Ihlazo ukusukela kwizithethe zalo, ezingaqhelekanga kwilizwe lasentshona, iintsalela zezinto zakudala zempucuko yakudala kunye nobuhle kunye nokwahluka kweendawo zayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngumntu wonke.
Amazwe usingasiqithi weHindustan
I-Indiya lelona lizwe likhulu nangaphezulu kwenani labemi apha. Ime emazantsi kwaye inommandla we-3287.590 yeekhilomitha zesikwere. Unxweme lwayo lunobude obuziikhilomitha ezingamawaka asixhenxe kwaye lunemida engaphezu kwamawaka amane.
I-Indiya imida iMyanmar, iChina, iBhutan, iNepal, iBangladesh, iPakistan, uLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kunye noLwandle iArabia. Ikomkhulu layo yiNew Delhi kwaye ufuna i-visa ukuze ungene. Ukongeza, zikhona ugonyo: IHepatitis A kunye no-B, umkhuhlane wetyphoid, iTetanus-diphtheria kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye.
Kungcono ukuba ulumke kuba izitofu zokugonya azinyanzelekanga, ngumba wempilo yakho.
ISri Lanka yiriphabliki yokuhlalisana enomda waselwandle kunye neIndiya kunye neMaldives. Imbali yayo yoluntu ubuncinci i-125 lamawaka eminyaka ubudala. Ngexesha likarhulumente wase-Bhritane yayisaziwa njenge Ibhadi, umvelisi weti enkulu.
Iinkolo neelwimi zigcwele apha nangona kukho isithethe esomeleleyo nesidala samaBuddha. Ikomkhulu lalo yiColombo kwaye uhambo oluya esiqithini kufuneka lubandakanye umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ophakamileyo weemitha ezilishumi elinambini waseAvukana, iSigiriya Fortress, ethe ngcu kumatye amakhulu nangenakoyiswa, enemifanekiso emibala-bala eye yabhengezwa njengeLifa leMveli leHlabathi (Masixhenxe amafa elizweni) okanye isixeko samandulo sasePolonnaruwa.
Bhangladeshi iriphabliki enabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-166. Ulwimi lwayo olusemthethweni yiBangali kwaye inelona dolophu likhulu emhlabeni njengoko imilambo emithathu emide eAsia iyahlangana kuyo: iGanges, iMeghna kunye neBrahmaputra.
Kwakhona ineyona mangrove inkulu ehlabathini, ithala lezityalo zeti phakathi embindini wamahlathi emvula, iikhilomitha ezingama-600 zonxweme kunye olona lwandle lude emhlabeni, iziqithi kunye nentaba entle yekorale.
Imbali khange ibe nobubele kweli lizwe, kodwa ngabaphi abamelwane balo ebenobubele kubo?
Pakistan ngomnye umzekelo welizwe elihle nelinyamezelayo. Yi Islamic republic enabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-190. Indawo ekuyo yenze ukuba ibe li-linchpin kwibhodi yehlabathi kwaye iyayihlawulela.
Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini wazuza inkululeko yakhe kwaye waba ngoyena ubalulekileyo Urhulumente wamaSilamsi. Ngo-1971 kwaqhambuka imfazwe yamakhaya eyayiza kuzalela i-Bangladesh. Oorhulumente basemkhosini abaphumeleleyo, izixhobo zabo zeatom, umlo weKashmir kunye nokuxabana ne-India bayiguqule yangumgubo ekunzima ukuyikhupha ungathethi, akunakwenzeka ukuba undwendwele.
Bhutan AyisiyoRiphabliki kodwa bubukumkani, a ubukhosi bomgaqo-siseko. Ayinakuphuma elwandle kwaye kukwiintaba zehealaya. Idolophu elikomkhulu lalo sisixeko saseTimbu kwaye yenye yezo awona mazwe mancinci kwaye anabemi abambalwa emhlabeni: Ngaphantsi kwesigidi!
Abakhenkethi baqala ukufika eBhutan ngeminyaka yoo-70 kwaye namhlanje bamele ingeniso ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe, nangona ukhenketho oluninzi lungakhuthazwa, kodwa lukhenketho oluzinzileyo.
Inayo into yokutsala iindwendwe: indawo entle, imibhiyozo yezenkolo kunye neemonki. Ewe ngokunjalo, i-visa kufuneka ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuhamba.
INepal yiriphabliki yomanyano engenayo nendawo elwandle. Nangona ingenawo umda ekwabelwana ngawo neBhutan, kukho indawo yomda weekhilomitha ezingama-24 eyaziwa ngokuba yi inkukhu intamo.
Kude kube ngo-2008, yayingumbuso womgaqo-siseko, kodwa emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya eqala ixesha elitsha. Ngelishwa ngo-2015 yafumana inyikima enkulu, ngaphezulu kwamawaka asibhozo efile, kungoko ke esachacha.
Ijografi yayo yoxande, ineentaba ezininzi kwaye uphethe iincopho eziphakamileyo ... phakathi kwabo INtaba i-Everest. ENepal kukho iintaba ezinomkhenkce, amahlathi afumileyo, amaxesha amahlanu, kuba imvula ibalwa, nabantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukileyo nababiza iinkolo ezahlukeneyo.
GqibelaIMaldives sisiqithi kunye nelizwe lamaSilamsi kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Idolophu enkulu yayo yiMalé kwaye ijografi yayo ineziqithi ezimalunga ne-1200, zingama-200 kuphela ezinabemi, kodwa ukuba amanqanaba olwandle angaze anyuke aya kuthi shwaka ngonaphakade.
AmaBritane, amaPhuthukezi kunye namaDatshi adlulile apha, nangona bezizimele ukusukela emva kweminyaka yoo-60. Ayisiyo idemokhrasi enkulu emhlabeni kwaye lelona lizwe linabantu abancinci baseAsia. Ewe, inemihlaba ekhangelekayo kunye neelwandle yindawo entle yokhenketho ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu baseYurophu. Abantu abaninzi baphila ngokhenketho kwaye zingaphezulu kwekhulu iiholide.
Le usingasiqithi entsonkothileyo kodwa intle nenkcubeko Hindustan. Uhlala kweliphi ilizwe?