Ndifumanisile Malta Kudala, ebuntwaneni bam, ndifunda malunga nolwakhiwo olungaqhelekanga nolwakudala, kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba obunye ubuhle balo bugqibe imephu yam kwesi siqithi sinomtsalane nesinomtsalane. IMeditera.
Sisiqithi esincinci kunye nemagnethi enamandla kubakhenkethi abanomdla kunye nabakhenkethi abafuna ukonwaba. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje, makhe sibone yintoni onokuyibona kwi-malta ngeentsuku ezi-3. Lixesha elifutshane, kodwa ngumngeni omkhulu.
Malta
IMalta sisiqithi esincinci kwaye sincinci, kuphela 27 nge 14 km, kodwa inabantu abaninzi. Isemantla eLibya nakumazantsi e-Italiyane, ikwimeko entle ngokwenene yokoyisa kunye norhwebo.
Abantu bafika kwiXesha laMatye, malunga nama-5 amawaka eminyaka BC, kwaye abembi bezinto zakudala bathi kubo ukwakhiwa kweetempile ze-megalithic ezisimangalisa namhlanje. Emva koko babesiza AmaFenike kwaye emva koko IsiGrike. ICarthage kunye neRoma landela kuluhlu, kumaXesha Aphakathi sinenyathelo elifutshane ukusuka kwiByzantium de kube ukufika ngaphambi konyaka we-1000 isiArabhu kwaye emva kwabo, isiqhelo.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX isiqithi sadlula ezandleni ze- Isithsaba saseAragon yaye kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva yaqeshwa kwabadumileyo Amahashe nobubele, ekubeni aba bagxothwa eRhodes nguSuleiman oMkhulu. Loo manene athiywa amagama umyalelo wemalta. Babephethe ukukhusela isiqithi kuhlaselo lwase-Ottoman ngo-1565, bemisa ingozi eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ithintelwe ngokuphumelela komanyano. Idabi laseLepanto.
Ulawulo lwe-Order yaseMalta lwaphela ngokufika kwamaFrentshi, ezandleni ze Napoleon, ngowe-1798. Wenza iinguqulelo ezinkulu kulawulo lwesi siqithi, kodwa amaNgesi afika kungekudala emva koko, amgxotha, kangangokuba iMalta yaba yintlango. Umkhuseli waseBrithani. Ukususela ngoko yayiyisiseko seenqwelo zobukhosi kwaye ngamaxesha eMfazwe yesiBini yayibaluleke kakhulu. IMalta yazimela kwiGreat Britain ngo-1964, kodwa ubukho baseBritani kunye nolawulo lwanyamalala kuphela ngo-1979. Ukususela ngo-2004 ibe yinxalenye ye-European Union.
Sinjani isiqithi? Kukho isiqithi saseMalta, esona sikhulu kwaye sinabantu abaninzi, silandelwa yi iziqithi zaseGozo naseComino, kunye nezinye iziqithi neziqithana. Inandipha amaxesha amabini kuphela onyaka, ubusika obumanzi kunye nehlobo elomileyo kakhulu, kunye namanxweme anezibuko zendalo ezibalaseleyo.
Yintoni onokuyibona eMalta ngeentsuku ze-3
Ngomhla woku-1 siza kubanikezela ukuba batyelele kwaye bafumanise IValletta, isixeko sokuqala esicwangcisiweyo saseYurophu. Ngaba Ilifa leMveli kwaye igcwele kwizikhumbuzo zembali. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ukuba ujonga imephu uya kubona izitrato ezincinci ezincinci zixinzelelwe kwi-peninsula emxinwa apho kungekho ndawo ingako. I-architecture ayitshintshanga kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha ngoko iyamangalisa.
Apha eValletta kuya kufuneka uyazi Icawa yaseSt. Yayilwa nguGerolamo Cassar kwaye yakhiwa phakathi kwe-1573 kunye ne-1578, kwindawo apho i-Knights yaseMalta yayibambe umthandazo wabo weqela. Ingaphakathi linje ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, intle, nangona ubulula be-façade yayo yangaphandle. Ubuncwane bakhe ngumzobo omkhulu we UYohane uMbhaptizi, nguCaravggio.
I-cathedral ine-nave ende kwaye kudonga ngalunye kunye nekholomu kukho ukuhombisa okucebileyo, ngoko kubonakala ngathi yonke into engaphakathi igqunywe nge-brocade yegolide. Iflethi ine a patchwork ezenziwe ngebhastile elimhlophe, zingamatye engcwaba, kwaye nakwiisilingi kukho imizobo kaMattia Preti eneziganeko zobomi bukaYohane umBhaptizi oNgcwele. I-Oratory ikwanayo neminye imizobo emibini eyenziwe yiCaravaggio eqaqambileyo. Imisebenzi emikhulu yokuhlaziya yenziwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwaye itempile bekulindeleke ukuba iphinde ivulwe ngo-2020, ukubonisa i-Flemish tapestries ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, umzekelo.
Esinye isakhiwo esibalulekileyo yi Ibhotwe le-Grand Master, yakha yayindawo yokuhlala intloko yeOrder of the Knights of Saint John. Ukususela ekuzimeleni kwesi siqithi kude kube ngunyaka ka 2015 yayikwayisihlalo sepalamente, kodwa ngoku ipalamente isebenza kwisakhiwo esitsha. Utyelelo olungenakuphoswa kuku igumbi lesikrweqe ukuba namhlanje usebenza kwizitali. Ekuqaleni izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ze-knights zigcinwe kwi-Pay Armory kwaye xa i-knight yafa izixhobo zayo zadluliselwa kwizandla zoMyalelo.
Ke, ingqokelela ibandakanya izinto ezisuka phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX: 500 izixhobo ukusuka kwinani eliyi-25 lilonke elalahlekayo phakathi kohlaselo lukaNapoleon kunye nokuhlasela kweBritane. Kodwa ungaphoswa sisikrweqe saseTurkey sikaSipahi, esase-Alof de Wignacourt kunye nesixhobo esomeleziweyo sokulwa iimbumbulu, iipistoli, iimuskets, amakrele...
Ungayeki nokubatyelela. Iipatimenti ezisemthethweni, amagumbi amahlanu avulekele uluntu kunye neminye imiboniso, i-Armory Corridor, kunye nemizobo yamadabi asemanzini kunye nemifanekiso yee-Grand Masters ezahlukeneyo, iiGobelins zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ezingaqhelekanga kwimizobo yazo kunye neendlovu, iinciniba, imikhombe, amaqwarhashe kunye neeflamingo. Eneneni, igumbi ngalinye linewaka lobuncwane.
Esinye isakhiwo ukuba singalahleki IMyuziyam kaZwelonke yeArchaeology, eyilwe nguRenzo Piano. Apha uya kubona obona buncwane bubalulekileyo be-archaeological besiqithi. I ilele ntokazi, efunyenwe kwi-Hypogeum, malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka ubudala, i-Fat Women, i indawo yemalta, iifriezes ezivela kwiiTempile zeTarxien, i-Bronze Age pottery, ubucwebe, ulwazi malunga neentsimbi ezingaqondakaliyo ezibonwa kwimigangatho kwisiqithi sonke.
Oku kunokukuthatha imini yonke. Yintoni enokuyenza ngomhla we-2 eMalta? Kulungile ukuwela izibuko ngeteksi yamanzi kwaye uye kutyelela okubizwa ngokuba yiZidolophu eziThathu, iHypogeum kunye neeTempile zaseTarxien. Ukusuka eValletta ukuwela amanzi kwaye ufika kwindawo izixeko ezinqatyisiweyo zaseVittorisa, eSenglea naseCospicua.
Iiteksi zamanzi ezintle kakhulu zezeplanga, i dghajsa. Esona sixeko sinomdla yiVittorisa, i-labyrinth yezitrato ezincinci kunye ne-Inquisitor's Palace, iMyuziyam yeMfazwe kunye neqaqobana leendawo zokutyela ezinomtsalane nezicetyiswayo ukuba zimise isidlo sasemini. Ungandwendwela kwakhona i Fort Saint Angelo, ikomkhulu leenqanawa zaseBritani ukususela ngowe-1912 ukusa kowe-1979.
Kananjalo kufuphi nezi zixeko zithathu kukho indawo yokuma I-Hypogeum. Kuyamangalisa! Yi necropolis ephantsi komhlaba eyafunyanwa ngexesha lemisebenzi ngo-1902. Luthungelwano lwamagumbi, amagumbi kunye neepaseji ezikrolwe etyeni ngokwalo. Ithatha malunga ne-500 square metres kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ineminyaka eyi-XNUMX ubudala. phakathi kwama 3600 kunye nama 300 BC. Mhlawumbi abantu abangamawaka asixhenxe bangcwatyiwe. Utyelelo lufuna ugcino kwaye ungakwenza ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu phambi kotyelelo.
Kuphela ngamaqela abantu abalishumi kwishifti nganye avumelekileyo, kwaye kukho iishifti ezisibhozo ngosuku, njengoko umoya wondwendwe wonakalise indawo kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ivalwe kwaye ilungiswe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ngaphambi kotyelelo, kuboniswa ividiyo yemizuzu engama-20. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala abanakwenza olu tyelelo. Ukutyelela emva kwexesha kugqityiwe ngokuhamba nge Iitempile zaseTarxien, kumgama weemitha ezimbalwa.
Ku malunga izakhiwo ze-megalithic eziye zagrunjwa ngo-1914 kwaye kukholelwa ukuba zihlala phakathi 3600 kunye 2500 iminyaka ukuya.C. Zizakhiwo ezine ezidityanisiweyo, ezakhiwe ngeebhloko zamatye ezinkulu ezingaphezulu kweemitha ezintathu ngemitha enye ngobukhulu. Zihlotshiswe ngeepateni ze-spiral kunye nezilwanyana ezincedo. Ngo-2015 omnye umsebenzi wenziwa kwaye iziko leendwendwe kunye nophahla longezwa ukukhusela indawo.
Ekugqibeleni, Ngomhla wesi-3 eMalta kukujika kwesixeko esibiyelwe ngodonga saseMdina kunye namangcwaba aseRabat.. I-Mdina yinqaba yase-Arab eyakhiwe induli, enezakhiwo zebhotwe ezifihlwe emva kwamasango alula. Yindawo yemveli ephezulu, ibonakala inqunyanyisiwe ngexesha, kwaye ilungile ukutya okuqhelekileyo kweMalta.
Kwaye ngaphandle nje kwaseMdina kukho iRabat, ihlomela-dolophu elincinane elingaphandle kwesixeko esinqatyisiweyo sama-Arabhu. IRabat inendlu entle yaseRoma, igrunjwe kwimfezeko, kunye neseti ye mangcwaba ukuba awukwazi ukuyeka ukutyelela. Indawo yokupheka apha isacetyiswa kakhulu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngoko unako ubone eMalta ngeentsuku ezi-3. Kakade ke, esi siqithi sinikela ngakumbi. Kuya kufuneka undwendwele iComino kunye neGonzo, kunjalo, kodwa ngokwenene iintsuku ezintathu azikho ixesha elide. Bafanelekile ukuba bajonge kwaye bahlale kunye nomnqweno wokubuyela.
Nokuba injani na imozulu, awunakuphoswa kukundwendwela ixesha elidlulileyo le-megalithic yaseMalta. Andazi ukuba ukukholelwa na abembi bezinto zakudala, enyanisweni, kuyamangalisa kwaye kuyamangalisa, kodwa kuya kufuneka uye kuzenzela ezakho izigqibo. Yibanohambo olumnandi!