Esinye sezona zakhiwo zidumileyo kwihlabathi yi Taj Mahal. KuseIndiya kwaye abakhenkethi abandwendwela eli lizwe limangalisayo abahambi ngaphandle kokulityelela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba akulazi igama lakhe, umbone izihlandlo eziliwaka kumabonwakude, kumaphephancwadi, okanye kwi-Internet.
Kodwa yintoni iTaj Mahal ngokwenene? Ngaba libhotwe, ilitye lesikhumbuzo, ingcwaba, isakhiwo sikarhulumente…?
TheTaj Mahal
Ngokwenyani iTaj Mahal yimayusoleum, ingcwaba elikhulu nelizukileyo elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuze aphumle omnye wabafazi boMlawuli uSha Jahan. Isakhiwo siselunxwemeni lomlambo iYamuna, kwisixeko saseAngra.
Ikhompleksi ine-a Iihektare ezingama-17 ngaphakathi apho kukho i-mosque, indlu yeendwendwe, iigadi, udonga lwamaxesha aphakathi kunye nengcwaba ngokwalo. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngowe-1632 yaza ngowe-1643 yagqitywa, nangona imisebenzi yaqhubeka enye ishumi leminyaka. Ukuba senza izibalo ezikhawulezayo, iindleko zokwakha namhlanje kufuneka malunga nebhiliyoni enye yeedola.
imbali kangakanani UMlawuli uShah Jahan wayefuna ukunika imbeko inkumbulo yomfazi wakhe amthandayo uMumtaz Mahal, owasweleka ebeleka. kunyana wakhe weshumi elinesine. Kwakungonyaka we-1631 yaye imisebenzi yaqalisa kunyaka olandelayo, phakathi kwentlungu yokumkani. Lo kumkani wayengunyana wesithathu ka-Emperor Jahangir kunye neNkosazana Manmati waza wazibhengeza njengomlawuli ngo-1628. Wayenomnqweno wegunya kwaye wayekhuthele kakhulu kwezopolitiko, esongeza imimandla, kodwa wayenomdla wokwakha.
Xa wabiza uAngra njengekomkhulu lobukumkani bakhe, wagqiba ekubeni akhe ii-mosque ezimbini ezinkulu, ngaphezu kweTaj Mahal, nangona okokugqibela kukuphakama kweminqweno yakhe. ITaj Mahal intle ngokwenene kwaye njengoko sisazi, yakhelwe ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yeyona nto ithandwayo phakathi kookumkanikazi bayo abathathu, uMumtaz Mahal.
Kodwa unjani taj mahal? Kubonakala ngathi abakhi bezakhiwo bakhuthazwa zizinto ezakhayo ngaphambili, njengengcwaba likaTimor, umyili wendlu kaMughal, namanye amangcwaba asebukhosini. Kodwa la mangcwaba ayenziwe ngekalika ebomvu, ngelixa USha Jahan wakhetha ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngebhastile elimhlophe kunye namatye anqabileyo.
Ingcwaba lisembindini wesakhiwo: sisakhiwo sebhastile esimhlophe esihlala kwi-square plinth kwaye sinedome enkulu, ehlala ilandela uyilo lwakudala lwamaSilamsi. Kukho amagumbi amaninzi kwaye kwelinye lawo lingcwaba, i-cenotaph apho namhlanje umfazi ephumla kodwa kunye nomlawuli owafa nje kwiminyaka elishumi emva kwentanda yakhe. Izitiya zinemithombo, iindlela zezitena kunye nebhastile, iibhedi ezininzi zeentyatyambo, amatyholo erozi, imithi yeziqhamo...
Idome yesakhiwo, eyona ibalaseleyo ukusuka kufutshane nakude, iphakame kangangeemitha ezingama-35, nto leyo eyongeza ubungangamsha. Ukuba songeza kule nto yonke i-complex ihonjiswe kakuhle, kuyaqondwa ukuba kutheni iTaj Mahal iqhubeka imangalisa iindwendwe zayo. Yiba umhombiso oxabisekileyo wangaphandle, onezinto ze-calligraphy, imizobo engabonakaliyo kunye nezityalo zezityalo kwakhona, zonke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imizobo, imizobo okanye amatye afakwe.
Kumacala onke kukho iindawo ezivela kwiKoran ezisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa. Kukho iileta ezifakwe kuyo igolide, iyaspisi okanye ibhastile elimnyama, ezinye zineenkcukacha kakhulu, ezinye zilulwelo olungenakufundeka lula. Kukho necalligraphy ezotywe ngokomlinganiselo ukuze ifundwe ukusuka ezantsi, ukusuka ekuphakameni kwabantu. Iipateni ezingabonakaliyo zikho kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa nakwimigangatho nakwiindlela, ezineemosaic ezimibalabala.
Amatye anqabileyo abonakala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, kwigumbi eliphakathi kunye nalapho kukho i-cenotaphs yokumkani nomfazi wakhe. Igumbi limile okwe-octagonal kwaye lineendawo zokungena ezininzi. Iindonga zangaphakathi ziimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama kwaye ngaphezu kwazo kume idome yobuxoki ehonjiswe nge-solar motifs. Kumgangatho ophantsi kukho ii-arches ezisibhozo kwaye ezinye zineebhalkhoni. Iifestile nazo zinescreen sebhastile esimhlophe.
I-cenotaph yomfazi we-emperor iphakathi kwegumbi: kwisiseko se-marble esine-rectangular kukho kwakhona i-marble urn. Kukho amatye anqabileyo axabisekileyo kuyo yonke indawo. Ecaleni kwayo kukho i<em>cenotaph ye<em>Sha Jahan, enkulu ngakumbi neyaye yongezwa emva kokufa komlawuli kwiminyaka elishumi kamva.
Kodwa i-Taj Mahal ayimangalisa nje isakhiwo ngokwaso, kodwa kunye noyilo lwangaphandle, ngenxa yayo izitiya kunye nemisebenzi emikhulu yehydraulic ebiyimfuneko ukuzinkcenkceshela. Kukho imibhobho yodongwe, imibhobho yobhedu, imisele, imithombo, iitanki zokusasaza ... Akuyiyo yonke into egcinwe, kodwa oko kwakusele kusivumela ukuba sibone indlela eyayimangalisa ngayo.
Ukudlula kweenkulungwane ngokuqinisekileyo kulichaphazele eli litye lesikhumbuzo, nangona liye lehla kakuhle kwixesha lethu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwenziwa imisebenzi emininzi yokubuyisela.. AmaNgesi ayesekho. Kutshanje kuye kwakho umonakalo kwifaçade yebhastile ebangelwa kungcoliseko lomoya, ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwetyhefu evela kwimizi-mveliso ekufutshane neenjini zeemoto.
Ngenxa yoko, indawo yokukhusela yagqitywa malunga nesikhumbuzo, inqanda umsebenzi wokuvelisa kunye nokujikeleza kwezithuthi. Kamva, ngowe-1998, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela kwakhona.
Ukubuyela umva kancinci kwimbali, ngowe-1657 uShah Jahan wagula kwaza kwaqalisa idabi elimanyumnyezi phakathi koonyana bakhe abane ngenxa yelifa lakhe netrone. Ophumeleleyo yayingu-Aurangzeb kwaye ekugqibeleni wabeka uyise kwi-Red Fort de wafa.
Taj Mahal ulwazi olusebenzayo
- ITaj Mahal ivula isiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokutshona kwelanga kwaye ivale isiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokutshona kwelanga. Amatikiti athengiswa kuwo onke amasango angena kwi-complex.
- Ixabiso letikiti kubantu basemzini li-1100/200 rupees. Abo bathenga itikiti kwi-intanethi banesaphulelo se-5 rupees.
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15 abavumelekanga ukuba bangene.
- I-rupees eyongezelelweyo engama-200 ihlawuliswa ukuba ufuna ukutyelela i-mausoleum.
- Kukho utyelelo lwasebusuku iintsuku ezintlanu ngenyanga. Umzekelo, xa kukho ubusuku obupheleleyo kunye nobusuku obubini ngaphambi kunye nobusuku obubini emva koko. Amatikiti olu tyelelo afumaneka ngosuku olunye phambi komsitho, eAgra. Iiyure zotyelelo lwasebusuku ziqala ngo-8:30 ngokuhlwa ukuya kweye-12:30 kusasa, kumaqela asibhozo abantu abangama-50. Utyelelo luthatha isiqingatha seyure. Itikiti lixabisa i-750 rupees ngomntu omdala wangaphandle.
- Iiselfowuni mazicinywe okanye zicinywe. Ukutshaya akuvumelekanga kwaye kukwanjalo ukuthatha iifoto kwi-mausoleum ephambili.
- Ungafika eAngra ngenqwelomoya okanye ngololiwe. Ukusuka esixekweni ukuya eTaj Mahal unokuthatha iteksi, i-rickshaw okanye iteksi yerediyo.