Zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikwiiCanary Islands?

ukuthetha nawe malunga zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiziqithi zeCanary kufuneka sizintywilisele kwi-prehistory yeplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yokuba inani lezi zakhiwo zejoloji zihlobene ngokusondeleyo nemvelaphi yelo chwebakazi.

Enoba kuyintoni na, iZiqithi zaseCanary zineentaba-mlilo esele ziphelile kunye nezinye ezisekho isasebenza. Oko kukuthi, badla ngokugqabhuka ngamaxesha athile. Isampulu elungileyo kubo yakutshanje kwaye ibuhlungu Ingqungquthela endala ukuba umonakalo omkhulu owenziwe kwi Isiqithi se la Palma. Ke ngoko, siza kuhlala kwimbali yentaba-mlilo yechwebakazi kwaye sikuxelele malunga nokuba zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiZiqithi zaseCanary.

Imbali yentaba-mlilo yeCanary Islands

Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyibonise malunga nembali yeli chweba laseSpain kukuba imalunga igeological oddity. Kuba, ngokuqhelekileyo, iintaba-mlilo zenza ekupheleni kweetectonic plates. Umzekelo, enye iseti yeziqithi ezineentaba-mlilo ezininzi kunye neentshukumo zeenyikima ezifana EJapan Ilele ekudibaneni kwamacwecwe amakhulu amahlanu.

Maxa wambi ezi ntaba ziyangqubana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubonakale udederhu lweentaba ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, enye yazo iyatshona ibangela ukuba i-magma efudumeleyo iphume kumbindi womhlaba.

Nangona kunjalo, iiCanaries azikho ekupheleni kwayo nayiphi na ipleyiti, kodwa embindini weAfrika. Kodwa iziqithi zayo zenziwa, ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuphuma kwaloo magma kwaye isaqhubeka ineentaba-mlilo ezininzi. Ukucacisa le anomaly, iingcali ziye zachaza le ithiyori yendawo eshushu.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphakathi kwiplanethi apho iiCanary Islands zikhoyo, kukho i-thermal anomaly (indawo eshushu) ebangela ukunyuka kwe-magma kwi KwiNdalo okanye umgangatho ophezulu womhlaba. Ukuba ikwazile ukuyiqhekeza kwaye iphumele ngaphandle, yenza isakhiwo sentaba-mlilo esinokubonakala njengentaba-mlilo engaphantsi kwamanzi okanye emphezulu, kodwa nanjengentaba-mlilo. isiqithi sonke.

Ukuqhubeka nale nkcazo-bungcali, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini ezigidi eyadlulayo, icwecwe laseAfrika ladlula kulaa ndawo ishushu kumbindi woLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Xa yaphuka, yakhokelela ekuphumeni ukuya kumphezulu we-magma. Kwaye, njengoko ipleyiti ihlala ishukuma, ukugxothwa kwakuvela kwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo zeCanary archipelago. yadalwa kuqala Fuerteventura, eyona indala ngeminyaka eqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu. emva koko kwavela Lanzarote, bathi, baye belishumi elinantlanu, balandela bonke abanye. Oyena mncinane banjalo la Palma, kunye ne-1,7 yezigidi zeminyaka kunye Isinyithi, ene-1,1 kuphela.

Iziphene ezinokwenzeka zethiyori yendawo eshushu

Ithisisi yendawo eshushu ngokuyinxenye ichaza imvelaphi yeZiqithi zaseCanary, kodwa inemiba engadibananga. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho kwakhe, imagma inyuka ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iziqithi ezahlukahlukeneyo neentaba-mlilo zazo kwakuya kufuneka zilandele ulandelelwano olusengqiqweni. Ngamanye amazwi, ezona zindala kwakuza kufuneka zibe neentaba-mlilo ezaphelayo, ngoxa ezo ziphilayo zifanele zibe kwezona zincinane.

Kodwa kwiiCanary oku akunjalo. Kwanezona ziqithi zindala zinentaba-mlilo. Ukoyisa le nkcaso, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zithetha ngokuba kufutshane kwe Afrika Craton, emi malunga neekhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka kwichwebakazi. Bubunzima obukhulu belo zwekazi eliye lahlala lizinzile kwaye liqinile ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, ipholile ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokuchanekileyo, lo mahluko phakathi kokubanda kunye nobushushu be-magma phantsi kweZiqithi zaseCanary kubangele ukuba le yokugqibela ingahlali iphuma ngokufanayo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, ukuba yashukuma ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Konke oku kuya kuchaza ukunqongophala kokufana kwinkangeleko yeziqithi zeziqithi zethu kunye neentaba-mlilo zazo.

Njengoko sele ubonile, libali elibangela umdla. Kodwa, sakuba sikucacisele, siza kuthetha malunga nokuba zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiiCanary Islands ukuze sigxile kwezona zidumileyo.

Zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikwiiCanary Islands kwaye zeziphi ezona zidumileyo?

Lixesha lokuba ndikuxelele ukuba iziqithi zaseCanary zinetotali iintaba-mlilo ezingamashumi amathathu anesithathu. Ngokunjalo, zisasazwe phakathi kweziqithi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ITenerife inezona zilishumi elinanye, ilandelwa yiLa Palma kunye neGran Canaria eneshumi, iFuerteventura inesithandathu, iLanzarote ezintlanu kunye neEl Hierro enye.

Mhlawumbi uya kumangaliswa linani labo bangaphakathi Lanzarote, ekubeni isesiqithini sentaba-mlilo ngokugqwesileyo kwaso Ipaki yesizwe yaseTimanfaya Kwaye inesihlanu kuphela. Kwelinye icala, kukwabalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba iingcali zisebenzisa ntoni ukulinganisa umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo.

Iyaqwalaselwa iphelile xa ithatha iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka ngaphandle kokugqabhuka. Endaweni yoko, ifanelekile njenge iyasebenza ukuba uye waqhawuka mva nje. Noko ke, ukuba ayikhange ibonise umsebenzi kwiminyaka engamawaka ambalwa, iyaqwalaselwa ndilele. Oku kuthetha ukuba inako vuselela nanini na. Kodwa, sakuba sikunike inani leentaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, siza kukubonisa ezona zidumileyo.

El Teide eTenerife

Nangona abantu abaninzi besazi ukuba uTeide unjalo eyona ncopho iphakamileyo eSpain, asingabo bonke bayazi ukuba yintaba-mlilo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, iyasebenza. Enyanisweni, kwiimitha ezingama-3715 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, lelesithathu ukuphakama ehlabathini. Bamodlula kuphela UMauna Kea kunye ne4207 kunye ne Mauna loa nge 4169, zombini kwiziqithi ze IHawaii.

Ukudubula kwayo kokugqibela kuqikelelwa ukuba kwenzeka phakathi kwe-XNUMX kunye ne-XNUMX yenkulungwane ye-AD. Ukususela ngoko kuvela iilavas ezimnyama ezigqume ikhowuni yayo. Kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uyazi ukuba sesona sikhumbuzo sendalo sendalo Teide National Park, ibhengezwe Ilifa lehlabathi nguUNESCO. Kunye naye, yenziwe yi Incopho emdala kwaye bobabini benze i-stratovolcano enkulu yeVesuvian-class.

Ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwegama layo, iPico Viejo yaqhuma ixesha elincinane elidlulileyo. Kwakungowe-1798 kwaye kwavela iifowuni Teide impumlo, enokubonwa phezulu. Enyanisweni, isakhupha rhoqo i-fumaroles okanye umphunga.

Ekugqibeleni, njenge-anecdote, siza kuthetha malunga nesiganeko se isithunzi sikaTeide. Uthi le yeyona inkulu ehlabathini eqikelelwayo elwandle. Ayilolize, ifika ekugubungeleni ngokuyinxenye isiqithi se Gran Canaria ekutshoneni kwelanga kwaye la Gomera xa kusa Ngaphaya koko, sisithunzi esingunxantathu ngokugqibeleleyo, ngelixa intaba ingekho ngokuthe ngqo ngokwejometri.

Intaba yaseTindaya eFuerteventura

Kanye njengokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiiCanary Islands kukuba uyazi kancinci ngembali yazo. Ke ngoko, ngoku siza kuthetha nawe malunga nale volcano ikhoyo uphawu lokugqwesa fuerteventura island kunye nenye yezona zibalulekileyo kulo lonke iziqithi zaseCanary. I-Tindaya inobude obuziimitha ezingama-400 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa yaqwalaselwa sagrada ngamajos, oko kukuthi, ngabemi bomthonyama baseFuerteventura.

Enyanisweni, ukuba uyayindwendwela, uya kukwazi ukubona ezininzi imikrolo yamatye yenziwe ngabo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, abantu bomthonyama benza ingqungquthela yayo a itempile yangaphandle apho babenqula iinkwenkwezi, benqula imvula yezityalo zabo. Le mizobo inemilo yeenyawo kwaye ayisasazwanga nje, kodwa iyalelwa ngepatheni. Abaninzi balatha kwezinye iintaba ezikwelo chwebakazi njengaleyo ngokwayo Ingwele okanye Incopho yekhephu eGran Canaria.

eTeneguía eLa Palma

Le volcano ikumasipala wase ikwindla eshushu, yona ingaphakathi la Palma. Kutshanje nje njengentaba, kuba amathambeka ayo asuka ngogqabhuko-dubulo luka-1971. Ifumana igama layo URoque de Teneguía, ekufutshane nekwathi, ngokufanayo, yavela ngenxa yolunye ukugxothwa kodaka, olu lwenzeka ngowe-1677.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakwixesha lokugqibela ungabona imikrolo kunye nepetroglyphs eyenziwe ngabemi bomthonyama besiqithi, abathi, ngokufanayo, babeya kuyibhaptiza. Ngokutsho kwabaphengululi, waba kuya kuthetha "umphunga oshushu okanye umsi." Ubude bobude bale ntaba-mlilo ziimitha ezingama-431 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Njengomdla wokwazi, siya kukuxelela ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo olwaludalayo lwalungeyona inkulu eyenzeka kwiiCanary Islands. Ngaphandle koku, yakhupha amashumi amane ezigidi zeecubic metres zodaka olubaleka malunga neemayile ezilikhulu ngeyure.

I-Timanfaya eLanzarote

I-volcano enika igama layo kwipaki edumileyo kwisiqithi sase Lanzarote nayo yabangela ukuba olona gqabhuko-dubulo lubi kakhulu kweli chwebakazi kwixesha lethu. KwakungoSeptemba 1730 kwaye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko yesiqithi. Enyanisweni, udaka lwagubungela amashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini ommandla walo lwaza lwangcwaba iidolophu ezisithoba.

Abemi abaninzi kwafuneka bafuduke ngenxa yendlala eyayibangelayo. Kodwa, okumangalisayo kukuba, emva kwethuba, imihlaba yachumisa ngakumbi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, le asiyiyo kuphela intaba-mlilo ekwipaki yesizwe echongayo, njengoko ineentaba zizonke. amashumi amabini anesihlanu asasebenza. Ukuyijonga, okufuneka ukwenze kukuphosa umququ omncinane emhlabeni. Uya kubona ukuba ikhanya njani. Kwaye kukuba kuphela ishumi leemitha ubunzulu obufikelelayo amakhulu amathandathu edigri centigrade.

Ukuqukumbela, sithethile nawe malunga zingaphi iintaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiziqithi zeCanary. Kodwa sikubonise ezinye zezona zidumileyo. Liyinyaniso elokuba sinokukhankanya ezinye ezininzi. Umzekelo, i Ibhoyila yeBandama eGran Canaria, kwi Intaba yeRaven eLanzarote ngokwayo okanye ICaldera de Taburiente eLa Palma. Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi eyona nto inomdla kakhulu eTagoro, kwi Isinyithi, ekubeni intywiliselwe elwandle. Ngendlela, nayo yayinerhashalala kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.