Esinye sezithombe esingakaze siphuthe esikhungweni sezokuvakasha yileso sika Machu Pichu, inqaba ye-Inca ePeru eyakhiwe Ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2445. Amakhulu abantu ahambela izindawo ezingcwele unyaka ngamunye ukuze abone la manxiwa amahle, futhi abantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba bayahlangana phakathi kwezintaba.
Kodwa uyazi ukuthini I-Machu Pichu iyacwila? Yilokhu okushiwo abanye ochwepheshe. Kunjalo? Futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi izizathu?
Machu Pichu
I-Los Andes Yizintaba zaseMelika ezidabula emazweni amaningi alelo zwekazi. Phakathi nokudlula kwawo ePeru, amaInca akha inqaba engcwele, ekuqaleni kokufika kwamaSpanishi eMelika.
Abavubukuli balinganisela ukwakhiwa kwayo cishe ngonyaka we-1450.. Iphezu kwentaba futhi indalo yayo ngokungangabazeki yayiyinkulu ubuciko bobunjiniyela nezakhiwo yaleli dolobha lasendulo. Imisebenzi yayo ayicacile ngokuphelele: Ingabe kwakuyisikhungo sokuphatha nezolimo noma kwakuyi-mausoleum enkulu ye-Inca Pachacutec? Noma bekuyikhaya lokuphumula? Kungase kungaze kwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kusekhona, imibono eyinselele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Yatholwa ngo-1911, noma kunalokho, itholwe kabusha, ngabaseMelika UHiram Bingham. Uprofesa wathola ukwesekwa yi-Yale University kanye ne-National Geographic Society futhi wachitha iminyaka embalwa ehlakula futhi emba. I-athikili yokuqala yentatheli mayelana nenqaba yavela kumagazini we-National Geographic, ngo-1913.
Linjani idolobha? Ingxenye eyakhiwe yenqaba yi Amamitha angu-520 ubude namamitha angu-200 ububanzi futhi kunezindawo ezivalekile ezingaphezu kuka-70. Hay imikhakha emibili emikhulu: eyodwa yezolimo, enamasimu okulima adumile nokunye indawo yasemadolobheni. Le mikhakha emibili ihlukaniswe udonga, izitebhisi kanye nomsele. Ngaphakathi kwalo mkhakha kunesakhiwo esaziwa ngokuthi iRoyal Residence ngoba yisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi ngokusobala esibalulekile: ithala elizimele, igumbi lenkonzo elikwazi ukungena emseleni wokudonsa amanzi...
Namuhla izivakashi zinemephu ene 196 amaphuzu ezithakazelo izivakashi kuhlanganise izikwele, imithombo yamanzi, amathempeli, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo. Ekwakhiweni komuntu kwenezelwa lezo zemvelo ezinezintaba ezizungezile, isibhakabhaka kanye nezitshalo nezilwane ezihluke kakhulu. Kukhona izimpungushe, ama-pumas, ama-vizcachas, izinyamazane futhi-ke, abadumile I-Andean condor.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi uMachu Pichu iwukuba ulinge ukwenza Umzila we-Inca oqala ku-km 82 wesitimela oxhumanisa iCusco neMachu Pichu. Ingabe izinsuku ezine nobusuku obubodwa yokuhamba ulandela umzila we-Inca stone road endala. Kwenziwa ngamaqembu okungenani abantu abayi-10 abanamagayidi akhethekile. Uma ungafuni ukuhamba kakhulu kangako, ungakhetha inguqulo emfushane yezinsuku ezimbili nobusuku obubodwa obuqala kamuva, ku-km 104.
Ingabe i-Machu Pichu iyacwila?
Njengoba sesazi okwengeziwe nge-Machu Pichu, umbuzo manje uthi, ingabe i-Machu Pichu iyacwila? Lokho Yilokhu okushiwo indoda yaseJapane okuthiwa u-Kyoji Sassa wase-Kyoto University.. AbakwaSassa basebenza eDisaster Prevention and Research Institute yale nyuvesi athe ukuphakamisa wukuthi Indawo okwakhiwe kuyo le nqaba iyashelela, ngakho-ke kungase kwenzeke ukudilika komhlaba okukhulu okuphetha ngokuwa kwedolobha le-Inca.
Iqembu laseJapan lenze umsebenzi wasensimini futhi likholelwa lokho umthambeka ongemuva uyagudluka ngenani eliyisentimitha elilodwa ngenyanga Ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokho kuzodala ukungazinzi okuningi ezakhiweni. Nakuba kubonakala kuncane, iqiniso liwukuthi isentimitha eyodwa ngenyanga iyinombolo ekhathazayo, kodwa amaJapane Namanje akalokothi asho usuku futhi uqhubeke uphenya.
Isazi sokuma komhlaba saseJapane Washicilela umbono wakhe kumagazini odumile i-New Scientist. Lapho uchaza kabanzi ngokusimama komhlaba futhi wengeza ngokuthi vele ngaphakathi kwedolobha kunomonakalo othize ezakhiweni ezithile. Kodwa ingabe kukhona okungenziwa? Ochwepheshe bacabanga ngezindlela abangalondoloza ngazo lesi simangaliso. Futhi ungase uzibuze, uhulumeni wasePeruvia ucabangani ngeziphetho zaseJapane?
Kahle Iziphathimandla zasePeru azivumelani nale mbono, nakuba Bayavuma ukuthi i-citadel ibhekene nokuguga okukhulu. ngenxa yokuvakasha okuqhubekayo kwezivakashi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo imikhankaso yokukhangisa nokunye. Lo nyaka ube ngokukhethekile kulowo mqondo ngoba kube neziteleka ezimbalwa zikaFredim (Front for the Defence of the Interests of Machu Pichu), ngenxa yombhikisho ohlobene nezivakashi ezivakashele le nqaba.
I-UNESCO incoma inani elithile lezivakashi ngosuku futhi kubonakala sengathi abasebenzi emkhakheni wezokuvakasha abayihloniphi, okuthinta izimo ze-citadel. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhamizi zifuna ukuthi u-50% wamathikithi adayiswe edolobheni lase-Aguas Calientes, isango eliya eMachu Pichu, ukuze vimbela ama-ejensi ekuqoqweni kwemali nokuthi ezinye izivakashi ekugcineni azikwazi ukuwabona amanxiwa. Izakhamuzi ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukudayiswa kwamathikithi angu-200 noma angu-300 e-Aguas Calientes akwanele njengoba nsuku zonke izivakashi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zigcina zivaleleke emasangweni amanxiwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzama ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwenzuzo ekhiqizwa ezokuvakasha kanye nokulondolozwa kwamanxiwa, ezinye izinyathelo seziqalisiwe kanye: azikho izithende noma izicathulo ezinzima, Ukufakwa kwe ukuhlanza ama-grills ezindaweni ezithile zamasu ukuze umhlabathi ungaguguleki futhi ulawule ukugeleza kwamanzi ngenkathi yezimvula, isibonelo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi u-2023 ube unyaka omatasa kakhulu ku-Machu Pichu, phakathi kweziteleka, imibhikisho nokuvalwa kwamanxiwa. Kunzima ukuphila ngezokuvakasha futhi ungakuvumeli ukubhujiswa yikho.
Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana ne-Machu Pichu
- Ungayithola kanjani: Ungafika eLima futhi ukusuka lapho uthathe indiza eya eCusco ethatha ihora nekota. Ukusuka eCusco ukuya e-Ollantaytambo ungahamba ngebhasi noma ngemoto ngohambo lwehora nesigamu. Futhi ukusuka lapho ugibela isitimela esiya e-Machu Pichu futhi ufike emahoreni amabili.
- Isheduli: Amanxiwa avulwa kusukela ngo-6 ekuseni kuya ku-5:30 ntambama.