Senegal Kuyizwe eNtshonalanga Afrika futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "isango lokungena ezwenikazi lase-Afrika." Kuyizwe elihle, elinezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ngakho-ke kunezilwane nezitshalo ezinothile. AbaseYurophu bafika kusenesikhathi, kodwa kwakungamaFulentshi agcina ethathe izintambo ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Kuze kube ngawo-'60s kwakuyikoloni laseFrance ngakho namuhla isiko, amasiko kanye nemikhuba yaseSenegal ziyinhlanganisela lapho ifa elikude libekwe phezu kwalelo lokubusa kwesimiso samakholoni.
Senegal
Yini namuhla eyaziwa njengeSenegal yake yaba yingxenye yemibuso yasendulo yaseGhana naseDjolof kanye nesikhungo esibalulekile emizileni yama-caravan enqamula iSahara. Kamuva kwakuzofika abeLungu, isiNgisi, isiPutukezi, isiFulentshi nesiDashi, kodwa njengoba sishilo ngenhla bafika amaFulentshi ayeshiywe enegunya eliphelele ekhulwini le-XNUMX.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaqala izinqubo ze i-decolonization, kokubili e-Asia nase-Afrika, futhi nakuba iFrance yayingathambekele ngokukhethekile ekudedeleni izintambo ngendlela enokuthula nehlelekile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yayingenayo enye indlela futhi kanjalo, e 1960, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaLeopold Senghor, isikhulu nombhali, ISenegal yathola inkululeko yayo.
Ekuqaleni yayiyingxenye yomfelandawonye neMali kodwa kamuva yaba izwe elizimele elizimele. Nakuba ngokwesiko umnotho wayo ubuncike ekulimeni nasekuhwebeni amakinati, kube nemizamo yokwehlukahlukana. Njengamazwe amaningi ezwekazi umnotho wawo awuzinzile, untekenteke, nezinga eliphezulu labantu abangasebenzi ...
Amasiko aseSenegal
Iningi lomphakathi waseSenegal liyingxenye ye uhlelo lwenhlalo ehlukene, ngokwesiko kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izicukuthwane zofuzo kanye nokuba khona kwesigaba esithile sabaculi nabaxoxi bezindaba okuthiwa ama-griots. Khona-ke, yiqiniso, kukhona isiko laseSenegal lamanje elivela kwamanye amaqembu omphakathi, kodwa iningi, okuyilo. Wolof, inesisindo esikhulu uma kuziwa ezindabeni zoMbuso nezohwebo. Ingabe kukhona ukungezwani kobuhlanga? Yebo, ngoba abantu abambalwa balwela ukuzuza ukulingana okukhulu.
I-Dakar inhloko-dolobha kanye nedolobha lakhona elikhulu nelikhanga kakhulu. KuseCape Verde, inhlonhlo esogwini lwe-Atlantic. I-Dakar futhi ingelinye lamachweba ase-Afrika abaluleke kakhulu futhi amatasatasa eNtshonalanga Afrika. Isiko laseSenegal isiko labamnyama abazigqajayo, kwaba khona umnyakazo ngeminyaka yama-'30s,' 40s kanye nama-'50s, owawuhlaziya ubumnyama egcizelela amagugu namagugu ase-Afrika.
Sake sakhuluma ngaphambili mayelana izizwe ezahlukene futhi kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhulunywa ngamasiko namasiko aseSenegal. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kuneningi lesiWolof ulimi lwalo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lonke. Ngokwehlukana kwabo kwezenhlalo kukhona abakhululekile (izikhulu, ezenkolo nabalimi), izinhlaka zamangcweti, abakhandi bensimbi kanye I-griots futhi kukhona nezigqila. Kukhona futhi Iqembu lesizwe samaSerer, njenge-Wolof, i I-Tukulor futhi i Fulani. I-Tukulor icishe ingabonakali kumaWolof namaFulani ngoba bajwayele ukuganana.
Ngemuva yebo akhona amanye amaqembu amancane kakhulu njengoSoninke, ababengababusi baseGhana, amaMauri kanye namaLebu, isibonelo. A) Yebo, kunezilimi ezininganas, kuhlanganisiwe IsiFulentshi njengolimi olusemthethweni. Ngokuphathelene nenkolo okuthiwa iningi labantu baseSenegal lithi bangamaSulumane futhi bahlelwe baba izelamani ezinabaholi abangokomoya. Futhi ngaphandle kokuba Muslim futhi babambelele ku-animism ethile, okungukuthi, ukukholelwa ezithombeni noma emandleni emvelo anamandla omlingo.
I-Senegal ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo ezinhlanu ezihlala izinhlanga ezihlukahlukene ngayinye futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngamasiko namasiko abo. IngabeIkuphi indawo yendoda nowesifazane kulolu hlobo lwezwe?Okokuqala kufanele sikusho lokho ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi ngobulili. Abesifazane ngokuvamile benza imisebenzi yasekhaya njengokupheka, ukuhlanza nokunakekela izingane. Kuphuma izinsizwa ezigodini ziye emadolobheni ziyofuna umsebenzi bese kuba yizintombi ezizinikele ezigayweni nokunye. Eqinisweni, uhulumeni omkhulu usesungule isikhungo esikhethekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya ukuze sihlele abesifazane ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Yize inkolo yamaSulumane ingenabo abantu besifazane ezindaweni ezihamba phambili, emadolobheni isimo sabesifazane siyashintsha futhi sekukhona onobhala, abesifazane abadayisayo, izintombi nabasebenzi basefemini. Kwabanye, ngokujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlanga, abesifazane bangaphansi futhi bancike emalungwini abesilisa omndeni. Akukhathalekile ukuthi uMthethosisekelo uphawula ukulingana okuthile, empeleni abesifazane bayabandlululwa, kuvalelwe endaweni yasekhaya, engenawo amandla angempela phezu kwanoma yini.
Kuthiwa okuningi noma okuncane ingxenye yabesifazane ihlala ebudlelwaneni besithembu futhi u-20% kuphela osebenzela iholo. Ngokomthetho amadoda “ayizinhloko zomndeni” ngakho athola izinkokhelo ezihambisana nesondlo sezingane hhayi abesifazane. Imishado, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ihlelwa abazali futhi ukuphana izipho kuyinto evamile. Bese kuba khona umshado wesintu bese umakoti afudukele kubo kamkhwenyana lapho, ngaphezu komndeni, abanye abantu bajwayele ukuhlala ngokuphazima kweso.
Izingane zaziswa kakhulu futhi wonke umuntu uyamnakekela, umndeni kanye nomakhelwane. Lapho ineminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha, ingane ngayinye ithola imfundo ethile ngokobulili bayo. Ngenkathi abafana namantombazane amancane bedlala ndawonye lapho bekhula amantombazane ahlala eseduze nonina. Abafana bayasokwa ekufinyeleleni ekuvuthweni nangenhlanhla, manje yenaukucwiywa kwabesifazane akuvumelekile. Kukhona izikole zamabanga aphansi, amabanga aphezulu kanye nezemfundo ephakeme / zasenyuvesi zabo bobabili ubulili futhi eziningi zazo zizimele noma zamaKatolika. Abaphezulu bathumela izingane zabo ukuyofunda phesheya.
Yimaphi amasiko omphakathi abanawo eSenegal? Isibingelelo esijwayelekile siqukethe a ukuxhawula. Abesifazane abasebasha bancika kancane ngakubo abadala. Awukhulumi kabi phambi kwabantu futhi imayelana nokungakhombisi ulaka lwamazwi. Ubuza ngempilo yomunye umuntu nomndeni wakhe futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso impela ngoba kuyingxenye yohlelo lwanoma iyiphi ingxoxo. Uma lokhu kungalandelwa, okujwayelekile kuphulwa.
Ekuxhawulaneni kwengezwe ukuqabula okuthathu esihlathini sokudla noma kokubili, kodwa abangane abaseduze kuphela. Futhi, nakuba bengamaSulumane, abesilisa nabesifazane ukuthintanaAbantu bavame ukubizana ngesihloko sabo semfundo noma isikhundla somsebenzi, ngokuvamile ngesi-French. Nakuba emazweni amaningi ukushintshana kwesipho Kuyinto evamile lapha eSenegal akunjalo, nakuba uma umenywa ekhaya laseSenegal okokuqala ungathola into encane, amaqebelengwane, izithelo ezintsha, lolo hlobo lwento.
Izipho, yebo, zihanjiswa ngezandla zombili futhi zigoqwe (ayikho inkinga ngombala wokupakisha), yebo, ungalindeli ukuthi zihlale zivuliwe phambi kwakho. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlanganyela isidlo kukhona nemikhuba emihle: kumele ulinde bakutshele ukuthi uhlale kuphi, kufanele ugeze izandla zakho endishini ngaphambi kokudla, uzobona ukuthi abesifazane nabesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukana ngisho ekamelweni elilodwa futhi. awukwazi ukuqala ukudla ngaphambi kwendoda endala eqenjini.
I-Afrika iyamangalisa futhi iSenegal iyizwe elihle kakhulu. Ungase ungalokothi uhambe wedwa noma uye emsebenzini, kodwa i-safari, i-excursion, ukuya emjahweni wezimoto odumile ... angazi, bangavusa uthando lwakho lwaleli zwekazi elikhulu nelicebile.