China Manje kungelinye lamazwe athakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Hhayi ukuthi bekungakabikho ngaphambili, kepha isikhathi eside besingazi okuncane ngaleli lizwe elikhulu elizama ukuthuthuka. Namuhla, isimo sehlukile futhi umhlaba ulwela ukuhweba neChina ngenkathi izakhamizi zayo zigcwala zonke izindawo zezivakashi zase-Old Europe naseMelika.
I-China umhlaba uqobo lwayo, kepha ngabe sazi kangakanani ngaleli lizwe elikhulu nelinabantu abaningi e-Asia? Namuhla, izifiso zaseChina.
China
Kwabaningi, iChina yizwe elithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Yizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni futhi lowo one- inani elikhulu labahlali. Futhi, ngale kokukhuphuka nokwehla emlandweni wayo wezepolitiki Ingenye yempucuko emide kakhulu esasebenza namanje kukho konke umhlaba wethu onakho.
Ukusuka ekubeni yizwe elihlehlela emuva futhi elinomnotho, elihlanganiswe nezindawo zamakhosi, libe ngelinye lamazwe akhula ngesivinini futhi athuthukayo kwezomnotho emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Akuzange kukhululeke futhi izinkulungwane zeminyaka zamakhosi, ama-mandarin nezindela zangcwatshwa ngemuva kwenye yezimpi zombango ezinzima kakhulu abantu abangabhekana nazo.
Namuhla, igama layo yiPeople's Republic of China futhi inelungelo lokuba yingxenye yeqembu elikhethiwe: ingenye ye Imiphakathi Emidala Emine wezwe kanye nabaseBabiloni, amaMaya nabaseGibhithe. Umlando usitshela ukuthi insimu yamaShayina yayihlanganiswe ngowokuqala umbusi, uQin, okwatholakala ithuna lakhe futhi sekumbiwe amashumi eminyaka. Kamuva kwakuzofika amanye amakhosi aziwa ngokuthi yi- UHan, uTang, uYuan, uMing futhi ekugcineni, owokugcina, the Ubukhosi be-Qing.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi eside sababusi kwaba khona, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, impi enkulu yombango, kwaze kwaba ngo-1949 kwasungulwa iPeople's Republic of China inkantolo yamakhomanisi kanye nasesandleni sikaMao Zedong. Kamuva, izinguquko zaqala ngemuva kokufa kwakhe ngo UDenx Xiaoping babeka izisekelo zaleli khomanisi elingamakhomanisi, iChina engunxiwankulu sonke esaziyo.
Izintshisekelo zaseChina
I-China inayo Amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-9.6 futhi kukhulu. A) Yebo, ukubukeka kwayo kuhlukahlukene ngoba kunezintaba, amathafa, izingwadule, amathafa, namagquma. I-China iyikhaya eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni: i INtaba i-Everest ngamamitha ayi-8.848 ukuphakama, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inesifo sokudangala esiphansi kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iTurpan Depression engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-154.
Mayelana nemingcele I-China yizwe elinemingcele yamazwe omhlaba emhlabeni jikeleleInabo nezizwe eziyi-14, iMongolia, iTajikstan, iRussia, iKazakhstan, iKyrgyzstan, i-Afghanistan, iPakistan, iNepal, iNdiya, iMyanmar, iBhutan, iVietnam, iThailand neNyakatho Korea. Ngokusobala, ukuthintana ngakunye kube namathonya alo.
Ngosayizi onjalo ngaphezu kwamathafa nawo inezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Ngenkathi inyakatho ibanda kakhulu kuningizimu, entshonalanga yomile kunasempumalanga. Enyakatho amazinga okushisa angaba ngu -40ºC kepha eningizimu, ehlobo, i-thermometer nayo ingakhuphukela ku-40ºC yesihogo. Kuyafana nangemvula, eningizimu-mpumalanga lina kakhulu, mhlawumbe kuze kufike kumamitha ama-3, ngenkathi kusehlane kuphela amamilimitha ambalwa onyakeni wonke.
Lapho ngiseyingane, iChina kwakuyizwe elivaliwe, nezinkulungwane zabantu zazigibela amabhayisikili ngezingubo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kancane kancane, eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, ikhadi leposi selishintshile. Namuhla ngomunye weminotho ekhula ngokushesha emhlabeni, ekhula cishe ngo-10% ngonyaka. Kuyaziwa njenge- «ifektri yomhlaba"futhi ungumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wezingubo, amathoyizi, umanyolo, ukhonkolo nensimbi lomhlaba wonke.
Ngokusobala, le ntuthuko yayihambisana nabaningi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi ngokwengxenye kwenziwe kwaba khona ukungabikho kwezinyunyana zabasebenzi. Amaholo aphansi kanye namalungelo okusebenza ambalwa abonakala njenge-equation ekahle yentuthuko. Yize ngentengo amazwe ambalwa athuthukile namuhla angayamukela.
Le ntuthuko yezomnotho ilethile ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwezenhlalo. Ngokomthetho, a ukukhula emadolobheni ngoba kubalwa lokho Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 basukile emaphandleni baya edolobheni eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule. Ngakho-ke, ikhona amadolobha amakhulu futhi njengoba umkhuba uqhubeka, uhulumeni kungenzeka abhekane nezinye izinkinga (ezemfundo, ezempilo, ukufudukela emadolobheni, ezabasebenzi).
Imindeni ihlukene, abazali baya emadolobheni bayosebenza futhi abakwazi ukuletha izingane zabo, ezishiywa zinakekelwa ogogo nomkhulu. Noma bayawathatha kepha-ke abakwazi ukuwabhalisa kumakheli amasha futhi abanalo uhlelo lwezokwelapha ... lolo hlobo lwento. Konke lokhu kusho izinselelo ezinkulu kuhulumeni waseChina, akukho kungabaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baseChina, yize emehlweni angaphandle kungabonakala kufana kakhulu, akuyona into efanayo. I-China inezinhlanga ezingama-56, futhi ngalinye linamasiko alo amasiko, kwesinye isikhathi ulimi lwawo futhi kwesinye isikhathi uhlelo lwawo lokubhala. Kuyiqiniso lokho iqembu eliningi yiHan, ngaphezulu nje kwama-91% enani labantu, kepha amaManchu, amaHui noma amaMiao nawo anabantu abaningi.
Lezi zinhlanga zihlala ezindaweni ezithile zezwe, ngakho-ke izinqubomgomo ezithile kufanele zenziwe ukubhekana nazo. Isibonelo, e-Uygur kunamaqembu amaSulumane futhi eminyakeni edlule kube yindawo ephikisanayo kakhulu kuhulumeni omkhulu.
Izwe elikhulu kangaka nelezinhlobonhlobo lihlanganiswa kanjani? Ngokwengxenye ngohlelo lwezemfundo, njengokujwayelekile. Yize iChina inezilimi eziningi, empeleni kungumsuka wohlelo lokubhala kuphela lwezithombe olusele emhlabeni, ulimi olusemthethweni isiMandarin. IsiMandarin sifundiswa kuzo zonke izikole futhi kancane kancane bekususa ezinye izilimi ezidumile, njengesiCantonese.
IsiCantonese sikhulunywa eHong Kong, eMacao, eGuangxi noma eGuandong, ngokwesibonelo, kodwa ezindaweni zaseShaghai noma eZhejiang kukhulunywa ulimi lwesiWu, olwehluke kakhulu kuMandarin ... Kodwa-ke, isiShayina kungaba ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu umhlaba ngenani lezakhamizi kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza Ngenye yezinzima kakhulu ukuyifunda usanda kushaya.
Ngabantu abaningi nezilimi eziningi kangaka namasiko amaningi kangaka, noma ngabe sicabanga ukuthi amaShayina athi ayinkolo eyodwa, akunjalo. Eqinisweni, inkolo yindaba okuye kwashushiswa ngayo ngaphansi kobukhomanisi. Kepha akukho lapho futhi nanamuhla ayikho inkolo eyodwa futhi amaShayina athi asikholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu aya kubuShinto obuthile, edlula kuConfucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam noma ubuKrestu.
Isikhathi esithile manje, iChina itshale imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwayo lokuhamba lwangaphakathi. Izwe elifisa ukuba ngamandla kufanele lixhumeke kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandela ezinyathelweni zaseJapane, Izitimela zaseChina zihlala ezweni lonke. Futhi lokhu kuthutha yikhona okuvumela izivakashi namuhla ukuthi nazo zazi izimangaliso zayo. Futhi kunguyebo, I-China inamagugu amakhulu wezivakashi.
Ngikhuluma nge IGreat Wall, amaTerracotta Warriors, iDolobha Elinqatshelwe elihle, iGuilin, uMfula iYangtze kanye nezintaba eziphuzi, ama-panda aseSichuan, amabhishi aseSanya, izakhiwo zamabhilidi eziminyene ze Hong Kong, ubuhle beShanghai ... Futhi i-gastronomy!
Kepha siqale le ndatshana ikhuluma ngayo izifiso zaseChina ngakho-ke ngeke sishiye ngaphandle kokushiya le datha: ama-kites asungulwa eChina, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ezedlule eqinisweni, ngosilika nophahla; futhi basungula ibhola eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili eyedlule ngezikhathi zeHan Dynasty ukujabulisa inkantolo yombuso.
Ukuqhuma kwezibhamu kuzalwe eChina, efanayo ne- iziqhumane, I-China ikhiqiza cishe i-85% yeziqhumane zomhlaba. Ezinye izimakethe eBeijing zithengisa ukudla okungajwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo ofezela ababhajwe ezintweni zokuxubha, zihlala, futhi zithosiwe emafutheni, phakathi kwezinye izinambuzane.
Futhi, udaka olusetshenziswe kuDonga Olukhulu lwalwenziwe ngelayisi okunamathelayoUma uhlanganisa yonke imizila yesitimela eChina ungazungeza umhlaba kabili, izinti zezinti zasungulwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu eyedlule futhi zazingasetshenziselwa ukudla kepha ukupheka, yize izwe likhulu unesikhathi esisodwa esisemthethweni (I-United States inezine), uhhafu wazo zonke izingulube emhlabeni uhlala eChina (futhi bayazidla) ...
Futhi ngakho-ke singaqhubeka nohlu lwethu lobuhle nokuziwayo kweChina kepha ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono ukuyobona yonke into mathupha.