IRed Square yaseRussia, kumele ibone

Noma ngubani ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 uzokhumbula isikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi nokuthi uBubi benziwa samuntu kanjani yiSoviet Union. Inhliziyo yaleyo mibono ebhekene nobungxiwankulu yayiseMoscow futhi uma singacabanga ngendawo ekhonkolo kakhulu esingacabanga ngayo Isikwele Esibomvu.

Namuhla iRed Square ingesinye sokuqala, uma kungesona isiza sokuqala esivakashelwe izivakashi. Kodwa kuyini? Yini ongayibona? Uyini umlando wayo? Uma uya eRussia kwiNdebe Yomhlaba ka-2018 ngokuqinisekile uzohamba ngayo ngakho-ke lapha unokuningi ulwazi.

Isikwele Esibomvu

Njengawo wonke amadolobha asendulo, iMoscow ibe nesikwele esikhulu lapho imakethe yayibanjelwe khona ngaleso sikhathi futhi imvelaphi yangempela yeRed Square. Njengenhliziyo yedolobha, kubuye kwaba yindawo yemikhosi, amamashi amasosha, ukumenyezelwa kwamakhosi kanye nezinguquko. Vele ukwakhiwa kwayo nakho kushintshe kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Isikwele sihlukanisa iKremlin, okwake kwaba yindlunkulu yasebukhosini futhi namuhla indawo yokuhlala umongameli, esifundeni sedolobha lezentengiselwano, iKitai-gorod. Bekulokhu kubalulekile kepha selokhu kwasungulwa ezokuxhumana zesimanje, ikakhulukazi ithelevishini, ikwazile ukuba yiyona isithombe sakudala sobukhomanisi. Kwakungabantu baseSoviet abakwenze kwaba uphawu lohlelo lwabo, bebambe imikhosi yamasosha kanye nanoma imuphi umkhosi kazwelonke lapho unyaka nonyaka.

Eqinisweni, nanku umbukiso omkhulu ngemuva kokunqoba iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngo-1945, iMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Iqiniso ngukuthi abaseSoviet badiliza ezinye izakhiwo ezindala ukuze amathangi abo namarokhethi abo abukise, yize ngenhlanhla babuye bakhiwa kabusha. Ukugqama kwalo kubuye nakanjani lapho ngo-1990 i-UNESCO yaqoka iRed Square njengeNdawo yamaGugu omhlaba.

Yini ongayibona eRed Square

Lapha kukhona izakhiwo zezwe nezakhiwo zenkolo ukuvakasha. Bagxila emlandweni omkhulu waseRussia ngakho-ke angicabangi ukuthi kufanele ushiye noma yimuphi wabo epayipini. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zenkolo kukhona iKazan Cathedral o ICathhedral ka-Our Lady waseKazan, Ithempeli lama-Orthodox, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenguqulo yokuqala eyacekelwa phansi ngo-1936.

Leli bandla lasekuqaleni isukela ekhulwini leshumi nesikhombisa leminyaka ngenkathi yakhiwa ukubonga iNcasakazi ngokubuyisa idolobha emasosheni asePoland naseLithuania. Eyokuqala yayenziwe ngokhuni kodwa njengoba yashiswa ngomlilo okulandelayo kwakhiwa ngezitini. Minyaka yonke, kukhunjulwa ngqo lowo mzuzu, kwenziwa udwendwe kusuka eKremlin kuye esontweni.

Phakathi kuka-1936 no-1990 leli bandla lalingekho, lalidiliziwe, ngakho-ke kwaba ngelokuqala ukwakhiwa kabusha ngemuva kokuwa kwamakhomanisi. Ngo-1993 lavulwa kabusha.

El Kremlin Yisakhiwo esinezivikelo eziqinile, isigodlo sangaphambili sobukhosi, esibheke eMfuleni iMoskva, eRed Square naseSt. Basil's Cathedral. Kufaka phakathi izigodlo ezinhlanu, imibhoshongo, udonga kanye namabhishobhi amane. Ngemuva kokuwa kwama-tsars, uhulumeni waseSoviet wasuka ePetrograd waya eMoscow ngo-1918. ULenin wayehlala lapha ngesikhathi sakhe, kamuva kwaba nguStalin, Khruschev nabanye ababusi.

Uma wenza lolu hambo bazokutshela ukuthi imibhoshongo nodonga lwaseKremlin kwakhiwa ngekhulu le-80 ngabaphathi base-Italy. Namuhla umbhoshongo omude kunayo yonke ungamamitha angama-XNUMX.

Isikhungo seKremlin yiCathedral Square, enama-cathedral amathathu asendulo kanye nendlu enhle yegolide. Kunamasonto amabili amancane kanye nensimbi yensimbi, i- I-Bell tower ka-Ivan the Grande ngamamitha angama-81 ukuphakama nangekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Kukhona nezinye izigodlo, i-Armory ne-Arsenal ezisukela esikhathini sikaPeter Omkhulu.

Isikhathi sobukhomanisi sishiye iLenin Mausoleum, idayinaso yobukhomanisi ongeke uyizibe. Nakhu kuphumula i umzimba omisiwe womholi waseSoviet kusukela ngo-1924. Ngaphandle kwemibandela embalwa, isibonelo, impi ibilokhu ikhona lapho iboniswa. I-mausoleum yenziwe nge-granite futhi yaklanywa ngu-Aleksey Shchusev. Izigidi zabantu zivakashele leli sayithi phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX futhi ukuvakashelwa kuyaqhubeka.

Isikhathi esithile uStalin wayeseduze komunye nomunye, amathuna amabili, kepha namuhla elinye likaStalin lihlala eNecropolis yaseKremlin Wall. Iphuzu ukuthi Ungavakashela iMausoleum kaLenin ngoLwesibili, ngoLwesithathu, ngoLwesine, ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-1 ntambama. Kukhona njalo abantu abalindile ngakho-ke kufanele uzimisele ukulinda kulayini. Kungenwa mahhala namaphoyisa aqapha ukuthi awathathi amavidiyo noma izithombe, noma ukhulume noma ugqoke isigqoko. Umqondo ukukhombisa inhlonipho.

ERed Square kukhona nefayela le- isitolo somnyango esibizwa nge-GUM. Inamagatsha amaningana ezweni lonke, imvelaphi yawo ibuyela emuva esikhathini sama-tsars, kodwa indlu yaseMoscow yiyona ethandwa kakhulu. Ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwezwe ngeminyaka yama-90s kwasiguqula ngokuphelele isitayela sesitolo futhi namuhla sekuyindawo ejwayelekile yezitolo. Okuseduze kungenye shopping kuncane, i-TSUM. Ngabe i-GUM kufanele ukuvakashelwa? Yebo.

Ingaphambili elingaphandle licishe libe ngamamitha ayi-800 ubude futhi lingu- isakhiwo esidala esihle. Inesimo se-trapezoidal nokuningi insimbi nengilazi, ikakhulukazi ophahleni. Inesitayela esicacile sesiteshi sesitimela sekhulu le-14. Uphahla olucwebezelisiwe lunobubanzi bamamitha ayi-1200, ngokwesibonelo, futhi ku-facade kukhona i-granite yaseFinland, imabula ne-limestone, i-arches nezindlela zokuhamba. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwa-odolwa nguCatherine the Great kumakhi wezakhiwo wase-Italiya futhi ngezikhathi zeSoviet yayihlala izitolo eziyi-XNUMX XNUMX, kusobala ukuthi zenziwa zakwamanye amazwe.

UStalin waguqula lesi sakhiwo saba ngamahhovisi, kafushane, futhi nalapha nesidumbu senkosikazi kaStaliya sakhonjiswa ngemuva kokuzibulala okuyisimanga. Namuhla i-GUM yenziwe yangasese. Uhlobo lwayo oluncane, olunobukhazikhazi obufanayo nomlando, yi-TSUM, eduzane neBolshoi Theatre.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona futhi I-State Museum Yomlando, etholakala phakathi kweRed Square neManege Square. Kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto kulo mnyuziyamu eyasungulwa ngo-1872. Iqukethe izindawo zokubonisa eziyishumi nanye futhi ithikithi libiza ama-ruble angama-400 ngomuntu omdala ngamunye. Kunemihlahlandlela yomsindo, ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene nangamanani ahlukile.

Ekugcineni, mhlawumbe uzoma phambi kwesifanekiso. Izithombe eziqoshiwe nama-sculpture ensembles kubalulekile emlandweni wezwe futhi kulokhu uzobona i- ebaziwe phambi Cathedral Saint Basil sika. Imele iPrince Dmitry Pozharsky noKuzma Minin, amalungu okuvolontiya ebutho laseRussia axosha amasosha asePoland - aseLithuania eMoscow ngo-1612. Yabekwa lapho ukukhumbula iminyaka engama-200 yomcimbi oyingqophamlando futhi yenziwe ngethusi.

Ngokwazi konke lokhu usukulungele ukuma maphakathi neRed Square wazi okuncane ngokwengeziwe okubonwa ngamehlo akho.