Ngenkathi ngiseyingane ngangifuna ukuba ngudokotela waseGibhithe futhi ekugcineni ngagcina ngokufunda Ukuxhumana i-Egypt ihlala enhliziyweni yami kuze kube phakade. AmaPiramidi aseGibhithe angenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zoBuntu Futhi yize kukhona abantu abacabanga ukuthi bazi izimfihlo zabo, iqiniso ukuthi basenezimfihlakalo.
Awungeke uvakashele iGibhithe ngaphandle kokwazi imipiramidi. Ziyafana. Sikhuluma ngamaphiramidi amathathu abaluleke kakhulu ngoba kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akubona bodwa nokuthi ngokusobala kunemibhoshongo engaphezulu kwekhulu eGibhithe. Futhi baneminyaka emingaki ngempela? Umbuzo onezimpendulo eziningi, kuya ngokuthi sibuza bani. Abavubukuli bazokutshela ukuthi iningi lazo lakhiwa phakathi kwezikhathi ze-Old and Middle Kingdom nokuthi endala kunazo zonke isukela cishe ku-2600 BC.
Uma esikhundleni salokho ubuza umvubukuli ukuthi avuleke kakhudlwana ekuhumusheni okusha, bazokutshela ukuthi kunemibhoshongo (pyramids), emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eyeCheops, iKhafren neMenkaure, emidala kakhulu nokuthi empeleni lokho okubonayo eGibhithe kuyikhono noma ubunjiniyela ekwehleni kunokuba kukhule. Ucabangani? Ingabe ungomunye walabo abakholelwa emiphakathini yasemkhathini noma yabantu kodwa yangaphambi kwe-diluvia?
IGiza Pyramids Complex
Ethafeni laseGiza kunemipiramidi emithathu edume kakhulu eGibhithe: iCheops, iKhafre neMenkaure. Kuzungezwe ezinye izakhiwo eziningana, phakathi kwamapiramidi amancane namathempeli kanye neGreat Wall, i Udonga Lesixuku. Ngaphandle kwawo kutholakele amanxiwa ohlobo oluthile lwedolobha okusathuthukiswa kulo. Yize ekuqaleni bekucatshangwa ukuthi bangaba ngamabhalekisi abakhi bamapiramidi, namuhla kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kulapho amatilosi namasosha abesebenzisa ichweba babehlala khona.
Futhi kutholwe uchungechunge lwezimbobo noma imithombo emise okwezikebhe ezungeze iPiramidi Enkulu. Vele ayikho ngisho iminonjana yazo kepha ngawo-50 kwatholakala umthombo omusha, owesine, futhi osindayo kakhulu nezipikili zamatshe ezinkulu zavela kuwo kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nane yokucwaninga nokongiwa kwayo yakhiwa yaba yisikebhe ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-40 yinde. Namuhla kunomnyuziyamu omayelana nalo mthombo kanti ngesikhathi usakhiwa, ngo-2011, kwatholakala omunye umthombo wesikebhe. Kuyamangalisa!
Iphiramidi enkulu
Iphiramidi elidume kakhulu emhlabeni yi iPhiramidi lamaCheops, elaziwa nangokuthi iPhiramidi Elikhulu. Kubhekwa njengendala futhi enkulu kunazo zonke kubathathu. Umqondo osungene kakhulu kochwepheshe, ngokususelwa egameni eliqoshwe egumbini langaphakathi elihlobana ngqo nobukhosi besine kanye noFaro Khufu, ukuthi lo mbhoshongo kwakuyithuna lasebukhosini nokuthi kwathatha cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa lokho kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka ka 2600 ngaphambi kukaKhristu
IPhiramidi lamaCheops ekuqaleni lalimbozwe ngamatshe aqoshwe ngokuphelele ezazibumbana futhi, ngokusobala, zazinanyathiselwe uhlobo oluthile lukasimende. Umphumela waba bushelelezi, ngisho nendawo. Ngaphakathi kweGreat Pyramid inamagumbi amathathu, elingezansi kakhulu liqoshwe emhlabathini uqobo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo se-pyramidal. Kakade kulo mbhoshongo kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi yiKing Chamber kanye neQueen Chamber.
Uma sishiya la magama athakazelisayo eceleni, ukwakheka kwawo ngaphakathi akufani nokwethuna futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuyimfihlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba noma i-sarcophagus yasebukhosini ayitholakalanga ngaphakathi kuyo futhi okubizwa nge- "sarcophagus" yibhokisi lamatshe elingunxande elijiyile.
IPhiramidi laseKhafre
Lo ngumbhoshongo wesibili omude kunayo yonke eGiza futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi yithuna likaFaro Khafre owabusa eGibhithe iminyaka engama-2500 BC Liphakeme ngamamitha ayi-136.4 yize ekuqaleni lalicishe libe ngamamitha ayishumi ukuphakama. Yenziwe ngamabhulokhi amatshe aluhlaza anesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani amabili lilinye. Ine-engeli ebukhali yokwakha kunaleyo yePhiramidi Enkulu futhi njengoba yakhiwe endaweni ephakeme kunePiramidi Enkulu ibonakala ibude bude.
Kubukeka sengathi iPhiramidi laseKhafre ladlwengulwa ngamasela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Ayinakho ukumbozwa kwasekuqaleni, noma kubonakala sengathi lokhu kweba kwenzeka ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa ngoba irekhodi kusuka ngaleso sikhathi likhuluma ngalawo matshe anombala okhanyayo. Lapho umhloli wamazwe wase-Italy uBelzoni efika ngo-1818 wathola ukuthi akukho lutho egumbini elingaphakathi ngaphandle kwe-sarcophagus evulekile. Iqiniso ukuthi endaweni ezungeze lo mbhoshongo wesibili kwakukhona nobunzima bamathempeli, okumangazayo ukuthi kwakulondolozwe ngokwanele ukukwazi ukukucabanga: ithempeli lokugcina izidumbu elinamagceke anezinhlaka, izihlangu ezinemifanekiso eqoshiwe, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla kanye nendawo engcwele.
IPhiramidi Lokupheka
Leli yiphiramidi elincane kunazo zonke kulezi ezintathu futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi kwakuyithuna likaFaro Menkaure. Ingamamitha angama-61 ukuphakama, yize ekuqaleni ibifinyelela kumamitha angama-65 nohhafu futhi yakhiwe nge-limestone ne-red granite. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi yakhiwa nini ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi lo faro wabusa nini ngokuthembeka.
Umhloli wamazwe waseNgilandi wathola maphakathi nekhulu le-14 ekamelweni langaphakathi izinsalela zesarcophagus yokhuni enegama leMenkaure namathambo omuntu. Inqubo yeCarbon XNUMX inqume ukuthi amathambo aneminyaka engaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala ngakho-ke akuwona awofaro. Ngokuqhubeka ngaphakathi, kwatholakala enye i-basalt sarcophagus kodwa ayibonakali ngoba ngenkathi ehamba ngesikebhe edabula iMedithera eya eNgilandi umkhumbi wacwila.
Eminye imibono ngemvelaphi yamaPiramidi aseGiza
Kufika lapha imininingwane etholakele ngamaPiramidi waseGiza. Umuntu ukhetha ukuthi angalithemba ngamehlo yini izwi labavubukuli, abathi kwesinye isikhathi bathathe ngokweqile, noma bavulekele ezinye izincazelo ezingaveli njalo kulelo zwe "elihlanyayo" lezimo ezivamile nezihambi. Kunososayensi abaningi, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zesayensi yemvelo, ezifunde amapiramidi futhi zaba neminye imibono.
Kufanele ugcine umqondo ovulekile: IGibhithe, iSumer, impucuko yamaMaya, usitshele ukuthi abantu bake bafinyelela ezingeni elithile lolwazi mayelana nogesi, i-electromagnetism, i-metallurgy, imithi, i-chemistry, i-electrochemistry kanye ne-hydraulics, ngokwesibonelo. Uma bekukhona impucuko kamama okwakuyimvelaphi yalolo lwazi futhi ngolunye usuku oluhle lwanyamalala noma ngabe lolo lwazi lwaluvela ezinkanyezini okwamanje asazi. Kepha akufanele wenqabe ukukucabanga nakho.
Namuhla Kunemibono emibili ehambelana kakhulu ngePiramidi Enkulu: eyodwa ithi bekungaba yisikhungo esikhiqiza ugesi futhi enye ingxenye yothiza omkhulu ukuxhumana nento noma nomuntu otholakala kulokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Orion Constellation (maqondana namapiramidi akuyo). Ucabangani?