ngikutshele nge iminyuziyamu engcono kakhulu eSpain kudinga umzamo omkhulu wokuhlanganisa. Izwe lethu linezakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu zemnyuziyamu emhlabeni, ngobuningi nangekhwalithi, futhi ukukhetha okunconywe kakhulu kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngokucabangela iminyaka yobudala, inani lezivakashi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukubaluleka kwekhathalogi yayo, sikulungiselele lesi sihloko mayelana neminyuziyamu engcono kakhulu eSpain. Njengoba uzobona, zikhona upende, kodwa futhi nge isithombe esibaziwe futhi of eminye imikhakha yobuciko nolwazi. Asihambe manje nesiphakamiso esethula kuwena.
IMuseo Nacional del Prado
Elinye lamakamelo ePrado, ummeleli ophakeme kakhulu wamamnyuziyamu amahle kakhulu eSpain
Asikwazanga ukuqala kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwale mnyuziyamu ka Madrid lokho Iphakathi kwegalari yobuciko ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Kufanele sibuyele emuva ekhulwini le-1819 ukuze sithole amaphrojekthi okuqala okudala imnyuziyamu yalolu hlobo enhloko-dolobha. Kodwa-ke, iPrado yavulwa ngo-XNUMX ngenxa yomfutho owanikezwa yindlovukazi U-Isabella waseBraganza, umkaFerdinand VII.
Nakuba liye lanwetshwa izikhathi eziningana, isakhiwo sidalwe ngu UJuan de Villanueva Yindlunkulu yayo futhi ngokwayo ikufanele ukuvakashelwa nguwe. Kodwa okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu iqoqo lemisebenzi emnyuziyamu enayo. Linjalo ifa layo elingokomfanekiso kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ngathi ukuba silimise futhi silichaze ngokuningiliziwe.
Kodwa sizokutshela ukuthi ineqoqo eliphelele lomdwebo wase-Italy kusukela ku-Quattrocento (I-Renaissance kulelo zwe) kuze kube manje, i-Flemish ne-Dutch, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, iBrithani futhi, yiqiniso, iSpanishi kuzo zonke izikhathi. Ngokufanayo, emakamelweni ayo ungabona eminye yemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yabadwebi abavelele emlandweni. Ngokwesibonelo, iSpanishi Velázquez, Zurbarán noma Goya; amaNtaliyane Raphael, Tintoretto noma Veronese; amaflamingo Van Eyck, Hieronymus Bosch noma Rubens nesiJalimane Albrecht Dürer. Ngamafuphi, iPrado Museum ingenye yegalari yobuciko ephelele kakhulu emhlabeni.
I-Reina Sofia Art Center, enye yamamnyuziyamu ahamba phambili eSpain eMadrid
Ingaphambili le-Reina Sofía Art Center
Asizange sisuke eMadrid ukuze sikutshele ngalesi esinye isikhungo sobuciko esiseduze kakhulu nePrado Museum futhi ngendlela ehambisana nayo. Ngoba iReina Sofía igxile kuyo ubuciko besimanje, kuyilapho eyokuqala, nakuba nayo inemisebenzi yamanje, igxile kakhulu emlandweni wokudweba.
Isekelwe ku Sabatini building, okubizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi umakhi wezakhiwo wase-Italy ohlonishwayo wekhulu le-XNUMX wangenela ekwakhiweni kwayo. Kodwa-ke, yisibhedlela esidala saseMadrid General, isakhiwo se-neoclassical esigcina imibukiso ehlala njalo kanye neyesikhashana.
Phakathi kweyokuqala, imibukiso enikezelwe izibalo ezifana U-Picasso, u-Dalí noma u-Joan Miró, kodwa futhi iqoqo lakhe ubuciko be-surreal (ngemisebenzi by I-Picabia o UMagritte, phakathi kokunye) kanye i-neofigurative (uFrancis Bacon wathi o U-Antonio Saura).
Ngokufanayo, eduze kakhulu neReina Sofía kungenye yeminyuziyamu emikhulu yaseMadrid. Sikhuluma nawe mayelana I-Thyssen-Bornemisza, ebonisa iqoqo lezithombe lomndeni eliwunikeza igama. Kanye nePrado kanye noReina Sofía uqobo, yakha lokho okubizwa Unxantathu Wobuciko noma Indawo Yokukhanya, osekumenyezelwe Amagugu Emhlaba ngu-Unesco.
National Museum of Escultura
Isikole saseSan Gregorio, ikomkhulu leNational Museum of Sculpture
Manje siyahamba siye Valladolid ukukutshela ngomunye wamamnyuziyamu angcono kakhulu eSpain, kulokhu mayelana nokubaza, nakuba futhi inekhathalogi ebalulekile yezithombe. Yakhiwe ngo-1842 njenge I-Provincial Museum of Fine Arts futhi iqoqo layo laqale lanakekelwa yimisebenzi elethwa ezindlini zezindela ezilahliwe ngemva kokuthathwa kweMendizábal.
Kakade ngo-1933 yathola ukuqashelwa kwe-National Sculpture futhi yahlala endlunkulu yayo yamanje I-St. Gregory's College, eyakhiwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX ngezici ze-Renaissance nezitayela ze-Plateresque. Ngokuqondene neqoqo layo, lihlanganisa imisebenzi esukela ku-Late Middle Ages kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma uvakashela, ungajabulela indalo yezithombe ezinhle kakhulu eziqoshiwe ezweni lethu. Ngokwesibonelo, Alonso Berruguete, Juan de Juni, Gregorio Fernández, Diego de Siloé noma Juan Martínez Montañés.
Ngokunjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yandisa ikhathalogi yayo futhi yadinga izinsiza zesibili. Zonke ziyizakhiwo zomlando ezakha izikhumbuzo ezinkulu ngokwazo. Phakathi kwabo, gqama Indlu yeLanga futhi i I-Villena Palace, kokubili Renaissance.
Umnyuziyamu waseGuggenheim
I-Guggenheim Museum enenja Umdlwane phambi kwebhilidi
Manje sesithuthela ku- Bilbao ukukutshela ngesinye sezimpawu zesimanje zedolobha. Isakhiwo sokuqala esakhiwe ngu UFrank O. Gehry Eqinisweni, isibe esinye sezifanekiselo zayo ezinkulu. Ngenxa yesitayela sayo, ingeyakwa- i-deconstructivist yamanje futhi kuwumbukwane ukubona izingcwecwe zayo ze-titanium zikhanya elangeni.
I-museum yavulwa ngo-1997 futhi inamamitha-skwele angaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi ezinikezelwe emagumbini ombukiso. Ngokuqondene nalezi, inamasampula amisiwe obuciko besimanje obuvela eqoqweni le I-Guggenheim Foundation, kanye nezinye zesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, akusathandwa kangako kube yizithombe eziqoshiwe ongazibona ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Ngakho, odumile inja yomdlwane y ama-tulips idalwe ngu Jeff Koons o isicabucabu de ULouise bourgeois.
Kunoma yikuphi, impumelelo yeGuggenheim ibe yinkulu kakhulu. Ithole imiklomelo eminingi efana neyomnyuziyamu ohamba phambili waseYurophu wonyaka noma i-Alcántara Bridge. Ngokufanayo, kusukela ngo-2012 ingenye ye 12 Amagugu aseSpain, kanye nezimangaliso ezinjengalezi UMosque waseCordoba noma i Umhume wase-Altamira. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunwetshwa okuzayo kuhlelwa, okungenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenziwa endaweni ye Isi-Urdaibai.
Umnyuziyamu wePicasso
I-Patio ye-Picasso Museum e-Malaga
Málaga Kuyikhaya lomdwebi omkhulu UPablo Ruiz, uPicasso. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka kube cishe ngesibopho indlunkulu yemnyuziyamu ezinikele emsebenzini wakhe. Kodwa akuyena yedwa. Eqinisweni, okubaluleke kakhulu kutholakala ku Barcelona futhi kukhona ngisho eyodwa engavamile kakhulu phakathi IBuitrago del Lozoya. Lokhu kuyi-anecdotal, ngoba kungenxa Eugenio Arias, umgundi womdwebi, owayidala ngemisebenzi umdwebi ayemnike yona.
Ukubuyela emnyuziyamu waseMalaga, indlunkulu yayo yinhle Isigodlo sezibalo zaseBuenavista. Yisakhiwo seRenaissance kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX esivelele kuvulandi waso futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, sasebenza ukwakha indlu. UMnyuziyamu Wezobuciko. Njengamanje inemisebenzi ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amathathu ehlanganisa wonke umsebenzi womdwebi omkhulu. Kodwa futhi inikeza imibukiso yesikhashana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lena akuyona yodwa imnyuziyamu enikezelwe kumdwebi oyedwa ongayibona eSpain. Abanye abantu abadumile kulesi sikole nabo banezabo. Kuyindaba ye USalvador Dalí edolobheni laseCatalan laseFigueras noma U-El Greco edolobheni laseToledo.
I-National Archaeological Museum, emlando kakhulu phakathi kweminyuziyamu ehamba phambili eSpain
Elinye lamakamelo eNational Archaeological Museum
Ohambweni lwethu lwamamnyuziyamu ahamba phambili eSpain, asikwazi ukukhawulela kuphela lawo azinikele kwezobuciko. Singabala ezinye eziningi ezifanelwe ukuvakashelwa nguwe ezifana I-Valencian Institute of Modern Art (IVAM) noma i- Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona. Kodwa izwe lethu linezinye izikhungo eziningi ezizinikele ekuboniseni izimanga ezehlukene zezwe lethu.
Kuyindaba ye- I-National Archaeological Museum yaseMadrid, ozoyithola kuSerrano Street. Ikomkhulu lihlanganyela no I-Biblioteca Nacional esigodlweni se-neoclassical sekhulu le-XNUMX esakhiwe ngu Francisco Jareno y U-Antonio Ruiz deSalces.
Ikakhulukazi, ikhombisa izinto ezitholakala ku España kusukela ku-Prehistory kuya ku-Modern Age. Nokho, inamagumbi anikezelwe kuwo Ugoqo wasendulo, kuya iGibhithe loFaro kakade Emaphakathi Mpumalanga. Ngokuqondene neyokuqala, izingcezu ezifana nezidumile Inkosikazi ka-Elche, izithombe eziqoshiwe zase-Iberia zaphakathi kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX BC, futhi iningi I-Guarrazar Treasure, isethi ehlaba umxhwele ye-Visigothic goldsmithing.
Kodwa ungabona futhi abanye abafana Lady of Trick futhi i Osuna inkunzi, nama-Iberia; yena Orante waseGudea, empucukweni yaseMesophothamiya; isithombe se-roman ehlezi Livia Drusilla noma i Cup of Aeson, evela eGreece Yasendulo.
Idolobha Lobuciko Nesayensi
I-Príncipe Felipe Science Museum e-Valencia
Siqede uhambo lwethu ngokusebenzisa iminyuziyamu ehamba phambili eSpain kulesi sikhungo esihlanganisa, hhayi owodwa, kodwa imibukiso eminingana ethokozisayo. Ukuze siyazi, kufanele sibuyele ku Valencia, esesivele sibhekise kuyo lapho sikhuluma nge-IVAM. Itholakala endaweni eyinqaba eklanywe umdwebi wezakhiwo ophikisanayo I-Santiago Calatrava.
Sekukonke, igqamisa i I-Príncipe Felipe Science Museum, ethatha amamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane futhi inikeza imibukiso engaguquki neyesikhashana. Kodwa kufanele futhi uvakashele i-Hemisfèric, namakamelo ayo okubukela amaplanethi nama-projection, kanye i-Umbracle, ingadi yezitshalo enikezelwe ezitshalo zaseMedithera futhi ehlotshiswe ngezithombe.
Kodwa-ke, enye yezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko i-Oceanographic okuyinto, enezikwele zamamitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu, ibhekwa enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yasolwandle eyinhloko emhlabeni ikhiqizwa lapho futhi ine-dolphinarium enkulu kanye nendawo yokudlela engaphansi kwamanzi emangalisayo. I-Reina Sofía Palace of Arts, ibhuloho lase-Assur de l'Or kanye ne-Agora ziqedela iDolobha Lezobuciko Nesayensi laseValencia, eliphinde lafakwa phakathi 12 Amagugu aseSpain.
Sengiphetha, sikubonise ezinye zazo iminyuziyamu engcono kakhulu eSpain. Kodwa, nakanjani, kuye kwadingeka sishiye abanye abaningi ngemuva. Ngokwesibonelo, yena I-CaixaForum kusuka e-Barcelona; omunye ovela ku-jurassic Ku-asturias; owobuciko obuhle de Sevilla noma i Isayensi Yemvelo Kazwelonke eMadrid. Alinge ukuhlangana nabo.