I-Los izikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseRoma zibhalwe kuwo wonke umlando omude wedolobha lase-Italy. Akubizwa lutho "Umuzi Waphakade". Selokhu yasungulwa ngo URomulus noRemus, bekulokhu inhloko-dolobha yombuso onamandla kakhulu we-Antiquity, enye yezindawo lapho okumangalisayo Ukuzalwa kabusha futhi, kakade ezinsukwini zethu, isikhungo sezinzwa ze Italia.
Izithelo zamakhulu eminyaka amaningi omlando ziyizikhumbuzo zalo ezimangalisayo. Ungawathola akhiwe enkathini yesiLatini, ngokuqondile i-Renaissance noma i-Baroque kanye nesimanje. Kodwa bonke banama-denominators afanayo ubukhazikhazi nobuhle bayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlale kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngokugqama kakhulu. Ngoba isivakashi ngasinye sizoba nezintandokazi zabo. Kodwa-ke, sizokukhombisa ukuthi, ngokombono wethu, yiziphi izikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu eRoma.
IColosseum kanye neForamu
I-Colosseum neForamu, izikhumbuzo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu eRoma
Siqala uhambo lwethu lwe- I-Coliseum, enye yezimpawu ezinkulu zedolobha, elisengxenyeni esempumalanga yedolobha Isithangami SamaRoma. Yakhiwa ngekhulu lokuqala emva kukaKristu. Yinkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi enkulu (empeleni, yaziwa nangokuthi I-Amphitheatre yaseFlavian) eyayinomthamo wabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha abasabalele phezu kwemigqa yezitendi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Ukukunikeza umbono wobukhulu bayo, izehlakalo zokuvulwa kwayo zathatha izinsuku eziyikhulu futhi yasebenza iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. wayengumbusi Domitian owayala ukuba lakhiwe ukuze libe elikhulu kunawo wonke eMbusweni wonke. Yayisingatha izimpi eziningi zokulwa, kodwa neminye imibukiso efana nokuzingelwa kwezilwane noma imidlalo yasetiyetha.
Kodwa mhlawumbe izenzakalo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kwakuyi impi yempi yasolwandle kabusha. Kulaba, isihlabathi saphendulwa idamu elikhulu lokwenziwa. Lokhu kwakumise okweqanda futhi kunenqwaba yokugcwaliswa kwamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezalandela. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhumbi yobukhulu bokuphila yahlanganyela kulezi zimpi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isithangami SamaRoma iyiqoqo lezinsalela ezilondolozwe kusukela phakathi nendawo latin iRoma. Inqamula VIndlela Engcwele, okuyinto, ngokuqondile, eyaxhumana nale ndawo neColosseum. Kodwa into ethakazelisa kakhulu ongayibona kuForamu isethi yezakhiwo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ekhombisayo. Ngeke ngikwazi ukukutshela ngazo zonke lapha. Kodwa sizokhuluma ngawe njengesampula amathempeli kaRomulus, iSaturn noma iVesta, the basilicas Emilia kanye Julia, the I-Arches kaTitus kanye ne-Septimius Severus noma i UJulia Curia, okwakuyisihlalo sethimba lezigele.
Kukhona ezinye izinkundla edolobheni. Kumelwe futhi sikubalule phakathi kwabo ama-Imperials, ezikaKhesari, zika-Augustus, ezikaNerva kanye nezikaTrajan. Benza inxanxathela eduze kweyangaphambili.
I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria la Mayor
I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria Maggiore, enye yalabo abakha iPentarchy yaseRoma
Kumenyezelwe Amagugu Emhlaba, ithempeli elihlaba umxhwele elihlanganisa izici zenkathi yobuKristu bokuqala namanye amaRomanesque, amaGothic, Renaissance kanye neBaroque. Ngoba ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakudala kuqale ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX lenkathi yethu futhi, kamuva, kwandiswa nokulungiswa.
Kodwa, uma ingaphandle layo lilihle, uzomangala nakakhulu yikho konke ingaphakathi layo elikunikeza lona. Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu isethi ye ama-mosaics ngempilo yeNcasakazi uMariya ukuthi usuku kusukela ezikhathini zakuqala zesonto, okungukuthi, kusukela ekhulwini XNUMX. Kusukela esikhathini esifanayo kuyinto I-Grotto Yokuzalwa KukaJesu o I-Crypt yaseBetlehema, engaphansi kwethempeli futhi enezinsalela zabantu ababalulekile emlandweni wesonto.
Zibuye zibe umbukwane I-Sistine Chapel (akumele kudidaniswe nekaMichelangelo) kanye uPauline. Eyokuqala umsebenzi we UDomenico Fontana futhi yembozwe ngemabula. Ngokuqondene neyesibili, umsebenzi we Flaminio Ponzi, iyi-baroque futhi ihlanganisa namathuna opapa UClement VIII y UPaul V. Ngokufanayo, amanye amagugu ongawabona eSanta María la Mayor yizithombe eziqoshiwe I-Saint Cajetan ibambe Ingane, of kukuyo, nalezo zealtare, ze UPietro Bracci; Izikhumbuzo zemingcwabo yopapa UClement IX y UNicholas IV, ngenxa, ngokulandelana, ukuze UCarlo Rainaldi, Domenico Guidi kanye osekushiwo UDomenico Fontana kanye namafrescoes ku-sacristy, umsebenzi we I-Passignano y Giuseppe Apulia.
Kepha iSanta María la Mayor akuyona ukuphela kwesonto okufanele ulivakashele eDolobheni Laphakade. Futhi ingxenye yezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu eRoma yilezo ezakha i- I-Pentarchy eduze kwakhe. Sikhuluma ngokumangalisayo I-Basilica yaseSaint John Lateran, ebhekwa njengesonto lombhishobhi kanye neNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba; lokho kwe Saint Lawrence Ngaphandle Kwezindonga, ukwakhiwa kwawo kwaqala ngekhulu le-V; omkhulu we USanta Peter waseVatican futhi i I-Basilica yaseSaint Paul Ngaphandle Kwezindonga, nawo ongowobuPhapha.
I-Trevi Fountain, mhlawumbe edume kakhulu phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu eRoma
Umthombo omangalisayo weTrevi
Sesizokhuluma nawe manje ngabadumile Umthombo weTrevi kokubili ngoba ingenye yezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu eRoma futhi ngoba ingenye ethandwa kakhulu. Cishe zonke izivakashi ezidlula edolobheni lase-Italy ziyafika zizolivakashela phephisa uhlamvu lwemali emanzini ukwenza isifiso.
Kuyisakhiwo esihle se-baroque kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngenxa yomdwebi wezakhiwo UNicola Salvi, owathatha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ukuyiqeda. Thatha njengengemuva le I-Poly Palace, lapho ihlinzeka khona nge-facade entsha. aphendule ucingo i-oda elikhulu, isitayela sezakhiwo esibonakala ngobukhulu baso obukhulu (ngokwesibonelo, amakholomu omthombo anezitezi ezimbili). Phakathi nendawo, iveza i-arch yokunqoba evula i-niche enamakholomu. Izibalo ezingokomfanekiso ezifana ne-Abundance noma Impilo kanye nenqola eqondiswa ama-tritons athambisa amahhashi olwandle aqedela umfanekiso wesithombe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba wazi, i-Trevi akuwona kuphela umthombo obalulekile eRoma. Siphinde sikweluleka ukuthi ubone i- isikebhe, umsebenzi we kukuyo, ePlaza de España; i kaMose, ePlaza de San Bernardo; lokho kwe imifula emine, okuyinto futhi ngenxa Bernini futhi e-Piazza Navona, noma ezimbili zaseFarnese square, amachibi abo avela e Amabhati kaCaracalla.
I-Castel Sant'Angelo
Ibhuloho kanye neCastel Sant'Angelo
Itholakala ebhange elingakwesokudla le- I-Tiber, kuseduze I-Vatican. Ixhumana nayo ngokusebenzisa I-Passetto di Borgo futhi i elio bridge, eyakhiwa ekhulwini lokuqala ngemva kukaKristu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungokwalabo inqaba, eyaziwa nangokuthi Mausoleum kaHadrian ukuze kuhlaliswe izinsalela zalo mbusi. Nokho, iphinde yasebenza njengendawo yokungcwaba yabanye abaholi bamaRoma njenga UMarcus Aurelius, Ukunethezeka o Septimius Severus.
I-Castel Sant'Angelo iye yalungiswa kaningi ku- Ephakathi futhi i Ukuzalwa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla ungabona isakhiwo esinepulani yesikwele eyenza indawo engaphansi kwe-cubic. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona isigubhu esikhulu futhi phezu kwaso omunye ukwakhiwa kwe-quadrangular. Ekugcineni, yonke into ithweswe umqhele ngomfanekiso wengelosi.
Nokho, ekuqaleni kwakumangalisa nakakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwesigubhu kwakunendunduma yobumba enezihlahla nemifanekiso yethusi. Futhi, njengomqhele, phezu komphetho, kwakukhona inqola yethusi eqondiswa umfanekiso we Adriano. Njengokungathi konke lokhu akwanele, yonke i-cubic floor yayimbozwe ngemabula yaseCarrara futhi indlela yokufinyelela nayo yayenziwe ngemabula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu kwakukhona i-arch yokungena.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nqaba akuyona yodwa ithuna elidumile enhloko-dolobha yase-Italy. Kufanele futhi uvakashele phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseRoma I-Pantheon ka-Agrippa. Kuyisakhiwo esikhulu esiyindilinga esigqitshwe yi-dome ebisetshenziswa njengesonto kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, esisize ukulondolozwa kwayo okuhle. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokungena iyivulandi enamakholomu amakhulu aseKorinte kanye nefrieze enikeza ukufinyelela ku-rotunda.
I-Piazza del Popolo
I-Piazza del Popolo, ene-obelisk kanye namasonto "amawele".
Siqeda ukuvakasha kwethu kwezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu e-Rome ngokukutshela nge-Piazza del Popolo. Ziningi ezinye ezimangalisayo edolobheni njengazo iNavona, esesike sakubalula ekudluleni, noma ISpain Squarefuthi edume kakhulu.
Kodwa sikhethe iPopolo ngoba ibihlale ithathwa njengeyiyona umnyango waseRoma. Yathola leli gama ngoba kuyo kwaphuma i VI-Flaminia, eyayihlanganisa idolobha lesiLatini neYurophu yonke. Yindawo enkulu eyindilinga phakathi nendawo enkulu i-obelisk. Ngokulandelayo, emagumbini amane alokhu kunamabhubesi amaningi emilonyeni yawo kuphuma amanzi awela echibini. Le mithombo ibangelwa Giuseppe Valadier owagqugquzelwa abadala Giacomo Della Porta.
Kodwa uphawu olukhulu lwesikwele yi- I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria del Popolo, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX ethuneni laseDomizi, lapho angcwatshwa khona Nero. Kodwa-ke, yakhiwe kabusha nge-XV ngokulandela isitayela seRenaissance. Kodwa ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje kungenxa UGian Lorenzo Bernini, owayishintsha emakhulwini amabili eminyaka kamuva wayenza yacaca ukubukeka kwe-baroque. Kodwa, uma emuhle ngaphandle, usenamatshe ayigugu amaningi ngaphakathi. Ihlala imidwebo emibili eduze Caravaggio, izithombe zikaBernini ngokwakhe kanye nenhle kakhulu isitho.
Futhi, esigcawini kukhona amanye amabandla amabili. "Ngamawele" ka ISanta Maria eMontesanto futhi of UMariya oNgcwele weSimangaliso. Futhi bayi-baroque futhi uBernini nabo babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwabo. Nokho, kulezi zimo umdali wayenjalo UCarlo Rainaldi.
Sengiphetha, sikubonise ezinye zefayili ye- izikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseRoma. Kodwa maningi kangangokuthi, nakanjani, sishiye abaningi besendleleni. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuna amathuna yedolobha, i Basilica of San Clemente noma i Isikwele saseCampidoglio. Futhi, asizange kuxoxwe izimanga ze I-Vatican ngoba, uma sikhuluma nje, abasibo abeDolobha Laphakade, kodwa bakwesinye isimo. Kunoma yikuphi, awucabangi ukuthi iRoma igcwele ubuhle?