Uma ungayazi i-Afrika noma ungawazi ukunotha kwamasiko nomculo waleli zwekazi, ungase ucabange ukuthi ama-Afrika adlala izigubhu kuphela. Akunjalo! Awekho kuphela izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo lapha, kodwa umoya, intambo nezinhlobonhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo emihle nengalibaleki.
Ake sithole namuhla ku Actualidad Viajes, izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zase-Afrika.
umculo waseNingizimu Afrika
Lapho umlando womculo wenziwa kuleli zwekazi lasendulo, umuntu uthola ukuthi kufanele abuyele emuva ngesikhathi. Zitholwa kanje izimanga. Isibonelo, ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC, uHanno waseCarthaginian wayelapha, evakashele kafushane ogwini olusentshonalanga, kolunye lohambo lwakhe lwezempi yasolwandle, futhi waphawula ukuba khona kwezinsimbi ezifuthwayo kanye nezinsimbi ezishaywayo. Ulandisa ukuthi wezwa ukukhala kwemitshingo, amasimbali nokuduma kwezigubhu.
Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo ezibonwa itilosi nomhloli futhi kwakukhona futhi namanje kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo kusukela ezintweni ezilula kuye ezinhlobonhlobo zamahabhu, amahabhu nezinsimbi. Ukwengeza, umphakathi ngamunye ujwayele ukwenza ngokukhethekile amathuluzi athile futhi lokhu kuyehluka ngokwesifunda ngesifunda.
Ngisho, ekhulwini lama-XNUMX ama-hybrids avele ethonyeni langaphandle.Nansi indaba segankuru futhi i ramkie (ama-chordophone), avela eningizimu ye-Afrika; noma i malipenga abavela eTanzania naseMalawi. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi izinsimbi zomculo kule miphakathi zineqhaza elithile. Abanye bagxila kuphela empilweni yenkolo noma amasiko athile noma amasiko omphakathi, abanye bakhawulele ukusetshenziswa kubantu abathile bobulili obuthile neminyaka yobudala noma isimo senhlalo.
Ngokwesibonelo, esizweni samaXhosa, amantombazane kuphela adlala ihabhu lamaJuda, inguqulo evela kwamanye amazwe yehabhu lomlomo elivamile elihlale lilisebenzisa. Bese, izinsimbi zomculo lapha ziphinde zisetshenziswe ngaphandle kwendikimba, ukwenza lula imibuthano yokuzijabulisa futhi ihambisane nomdanso, isibonelo, ukuphelezela izinkomo emadlelweni azo, ukudlulisa imiyalezo noma, kanye, namacilongo, ukwenza izinkulumo, noma yedwa, ukuhambisana nengoma.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinsimbi zomculo zase-Afrika ezikhona.
ama-idiophones
Izinsimbi ze-idiophone yilezo banomsindo wabo ngoba basebenzisa imizimba yabo njengento ezwakalayo. Ziyizinsimbi ezishaywayo futhi zikhiqiza umsindo ngokuyinhloko ngokudlidliza kwemizimba yazo, ngaphandle komoya, izintambo noma ulwelwesi.
Singakhuluma kanje izigubhu ezigobile. Ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-bamboo noma ngokhuni, zingenalutho, lapho kwenziwa khona ama-slits amaningana ukuze kuzwakale lapho eshaywa. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi kulula ukuludlala nokwakha. Enye yezindala kakhulu Gankoki, insimbi yensimbi, insimbi ephindwe kabili, edlalwa abantu base-Ewe baseGhana, okuyingxenye yohlaka lwamathambo e-okhestra yaseTogo, eGhana naseBenin, isibonelo.
I-Las ama-maracas kanye nama-rattles Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo lonke izwekazi futhi ziza ngawo wonke amasayizi nobujamo, izinto zokwakha, ezemvelo, ezenziwe ngabantu, ezenziwe ngesikhumba, izithelo, ukhukhunathi, amathini, njll. Ukugcwaliswa kungaba yinoma yini kusukela ematsheni kuya kumbewu. Ngokulandelayo, zisetshenziswa ngezandla noma, uma zinesinye isimo, zingagqokwa emaqakaleni, ezihlakaleni, ekhanda...
Ekugcineni, kukhona izinsimbi ze-melodic idiophone ezifana ama-xylophones nama-lamellophones. Ama-Lamellophones yizinsimbi zomculo ezinepuleti elide elincanyana elimiswe kuphela ekugcineni. Lapho umculi ethinta indawo ekhululekile futhi ehambisa umunwe phezu kwepuleti, elenziwe ngensimbi noma ngoqalo, liyavevezela. Ezweni lase-Afrika sikhuluma ngezinsimbi ezifana nalezi sanza, ihabhu lamaJuda, mbira noma kalimba.
I-mbira elula ingaba nokhiye abaphakathi kwesithupha nesishiyagalombili kodwa kukhona abanye abanama-36. Ivamise ukudlalwa amadoda nezingane kodwa sekunesikhathi manje sebebaningi abesifazane. I-Mbira Dzavadzimu, "izwi lamadlozi", inamathoni amaningi okungenzeka, phakathi kuka-22 no-28 uma yenziwe ngensimbi. Uma sikhuluma ngamaxylophone kukhona amadinda, the baan, the balafon and marimba.
Ama-Xylophone ngokuvamile anomumo webhokisi elinokhiye obekwe ohlakeni lwepulangwe nama-resonators ngezansi. Zindala kakhulu kuleli zwekazi futhi zivame ukubonwa njengokulingisa ulimi lomculo. EGuinea, umcebo wezwe yi-Sosso bala. Bakwazile ukuyiletha kuphela besuka eFrance ngo-2002, futhi isineminyaka engu-800 ubudala. EBurkina Faso kuneGyil, edlalwa amadoda kuphela, ifisa ukuxhumana nokhokho bezizwe zamaLobi namaDegara.
ama-chordophones
Ama-chordophones izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo: sikhuluma ngamahabhu, amahabhu, amahabhu, izingubhu, amaviyolini, iminsalo yomculo.… Eyakamuva idlalwa kakhulu e-Afrika eseningizimu futhi ihlanganisa iminsalo ephansi, ekhonjwe phansi, iminsalo yomlomo neminsalo enomsindo.
ENtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi iMali, maningi ala mahabhu namahabhu, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu yi Kora. Ama-koras endabuko anezintambo ezingu-21, ezingu-11 kwesokudla nezingu-11 kwesokunxele. Kudlalwa kufakwe izintambo phezulu. Ngokwengxenye yabo, ama-zithers abekwe ngokuvundlile.
Inani lezintambo kuhabhu liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-4, kuyindaba ye-Bolon noma i-Molo, nakuba kukhona abanye abano-7 noma 8. Eminye imisindo ifana nemisindo ye-bass, eminye izwakala njengesiginci sakudala futhi abanye bathanda amahabhu. Kungase kube nama-solo noma kube ku-orchestra.
Iqiniso yilokho Amahabhu noma i-kundis ingenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezidume kakhulu e-Afrika futhi ikakhulukazi zitholakala eningizimu yezwekazi. Ziyizinsimbi ezinokuthula, ezithule ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphelezela umculi noma imbongi.
ama-aerophone
Ngabe izinsimbi zomoya futhi phakathi kwabo sine imitshingo, imibhobho, amacilongo, izimpondo namakhwela. Kulolu hlobo lwezinsimbi, ukudlidliza komoya kuveza umsindo obukhali, njengenhlabamkhosi. Bakhona emazweni amaningi ezwenikazi lonke futhi bavela emidansweni yazo zonke izinhlobo.
Amakhwelo enziwe ngomhlanga noma, kulezi zinsuku, insimbi. Imitshingo yendabuko yenziwa ngoqalo noma ngomoba. Emazweni anjengeBurkina Faso, iSudan, i-Uganda noma i-Chad, kwakhiwa amaqembu abashayi bemitshingo abayikhulu ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Ngamunye udlala inothi elilodwa futhi ukubambisana kweqembu kubalulekile ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle. Yeka ubuhlakani!
usele wedwa, ngokuvamile izimpondo zenziwa ngezimpondo zenkomo, izinyo lendlovu, noma izilwane zasendle. Asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imilayezo, ukumemezela abafikayo, noma nje njengensimbi yomculo. Ngokujwayelekile sibabona emazweni afana ne-Ivory Coast namaphethelo.
ama-membranephones
Ziyizinsimbi ukuthi banolwelwesi okuthi uma lushaywa lukhiphe umsindo. Ngokusobala, zifana ne-Afrika. Ngokuvamile ziyavela ngezimo ezintathu: igedlela, inkomishi nengilazi yehora.
Izigubhu zase-Afrika zinokubaluleka okukhulu ngokomlando namasiko, zidlalwa emicimbini yezenhlalo, ukuzalwa, ukufa kanye nemikhosi yomshado. Zisetshenziswa ezimpini, zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana, futhi ziwusizo kakhulu emphakathini.
Izigubhu zidlalwa ngezandla, ngenduku noma ngamathambo. Ingaphezulu lesikhumba (kusukela kunhlwathi, imvu, imbuzi noma inkomo, kwesinye isikhathi idube noma isilwane esihuquzelayo), singamahhadla futhi senze imisindo ethambile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izigubhu zinamathisele ubuhlalu bensimbi noma imbewu ngakho imisindo ithambile. Zingase zibe nezibambo noma zingabi nazo.
Ukushaywa
Ziyizinsimbi ukuthi veza umsindo lapho eshaywa, eklwejwa, enyakaziswa yinto noma isitho somzimba. Endabeni yase-Afrika sinakho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwensimbi lwakha ingxenye ebalulekile yomoya wase-Afrika.
Ukudlala kwebhendi ye-Percussion kuhlala kunomsindo, kuyashukumisa, kujabulisa. Kuleli qembu singabala uthi lwemvula lwase-Afrika. Futhi sibala abambalwa kuphela izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zase-Afrika. Ziningi futhi futhi umkhathi womculo wesintu wase-Afrika mkhulu kakhulu.