India Yizwe elikhulukazi elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1300, okulenza libe lingelesibili ngokuba nezwe elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Yaziwa njengezwekazi elincane njengoba inokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezilimi, izakhi zofuzo, namasiko okwesibili ngemuva kwe-Afrika.
Izigidi zabantu zakha umphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuhlukahluka kubonakala, ngokwesibonelo, ezizweni eziningi. Abanye kuphela ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni futhi bavikelekile kumthethosisekelo futhi sizokhuluma ngabo namuhla: izizwe zamaNdiya.
Izizwe zaseNdiya
Ngokwe-Article 342 yomthethosisekelo waseNdiya, okuthiwa Izizwe Ezihleliwe yilezo zizwe noma imiphakathi yezizwe, noma izingxenye zamaqembu kulezo zizwe nemiphakathi, ezithole ukuqashelwa okunjalo nguhulumeni.
Ngaphakathi kwalezi zizwe abaningi sebejwayele futhi kuhlanganiswe empilweni yesimanje, kodwa kukhona namanye amaqembu abo ubukhona busengozini kakhulu. Namuhla, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni okwehlukanisa leli qembu ngaphansi kwegama elithi Amaqembu Ezizwe Ezisengozini Ikakhulukazi. Iluphi ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ngezizwe zaseNdiya?
- Bahlala ezifundeni ezingu-30. Isifunda saseMadhya Pradesh sino-14.7% wesamba, silandelwa yiMaharashtra ngo-0.1%. Abanye banezizwe kodwa ababhalisiwe.
- Kunamaqembu ezizwe angama-705 abhalisiwe
- Bamele abantu abayizigidi eziyi-104, okungukuthi, 8.6% yenani labantu bezwe, futhi ngokukhethekileyo zihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aminyene nezingamagquma.
- ngokuyisisekelo banjalo izizwe ezingazodwa ngokwendawo, ngesiko elithile, nge izici zakudalaukuxhumana okuncane nokunamahloni nemiphakathi emikhulu kanye umnotho osemuva.
gond isizwe
Lesi sizwe sitholakala ikakhulukazi e- india emaphakathi nasesifundeni saseChhindwara eMadhya Pradesh, kodwa nasezingxenyeni ze-Abndra Pradesh nase-Orissa. Lapho izivakashi zincoma, isibonelo, i-Sanchi stupa noma izithombe ezinhle ze-Khajuraho, ziseduze kakhulu nehlathi le-Godi nalaba bantu.
Isizwe samaGond siyisizwe sasemaphandleni, okuyiso hlala ezindlini ezimibalabalaAbanodonga olunodaka, bagqoka ama-sari nobucwebe, futhi bagubhe imikhosi enemibala efana ne-Madai ne-Keslapur. Ababona abadla imifino futhi inyama iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo.
Isizwe sakwaBhili
Bangabantu abanjalo uhlala eRajasthan ngakho-ke uma uzocabanga ngezigodlo ezinhle nezinhle kakhulu namathempeli amaJain uzothola indlela yokuphila yalaba bantu. Bahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zase-Aravali eSirohi, e-Udaipur, nakwezinye izindawo eDungarpur naseBanswara, zombili izifunda zaseRajasthan. Abanye futhi bahlala kwezinye izingxenye zeMadhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Triura naseGujarat.
NgoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, imikhosi yamasiko ebaluleke kakhulu iyenzeka, njenge I-Baneshwar Fair, ngomdanso ojwayelekile we-Ghoomar kanye nethiyetha ye-Than Gair.
Shanthal Tribe
Ingesinye sezizwe ezinkulu nezibaluleke kakhulu eNtshonalanga Bengal, futhi zibonakala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseBankaka nasePurulia, ezingxenyeni zaseBihar, Jharkhand, Odisha nase-Assam. Uma ufuna ukubona laba bantu ubuso nobuso, lolu hambo lungaqala eCalcutta, inhloko-dolobha yaseNdiya, lubheke emathempelini ase-terracotta aseBishnupur naseBolpur.
Lesi sizwe a ukulima nokufuya izinkomo, nakuba bengabazingeli abahle. Banomculo omangalisayo nomdanso futhi yiwo okhanga kakhulu kumhambi. Yingakho imikhosi yayo idume kakhulu: Maghe, Baba Bonga, Karam, Sahrai, Ero, Asaria, Namah, Disum Sendra.
Isizwe SakwaKhasi
lesi sizwe uhlala ezintabeni ezingaqondakali zaseMeghalaya futhi bangabantu abacula kakhulu abanyakazisa izigubhu, iziginci, imitshingo, amapayipi okhuni, amasimbali ensimbi… Laba bantu bahlala e-Khasi Hills yaseMeghalaya, nasezingxenyeni zase-Assam, eManipur, e-Arunachal Pradesh naseWest Bengal.
Kuyafaneleka ukubamba iqhaza Nongkrem Festival, umkhosi wezinsuku ezinhlanu owubukhazikhazi obumangalisayo.
I-Garo Tribe
lesi sizwe i-matriarchal, omunye wemiphakathi embalwa yama-matriarchal emhlabeni wonke. Bahlala kakhulu emagqumeni aseMeghalaya, noma izindawo ezingomakhelwane zaseBangladesh kanye nezingxenye zeWest Bengal, Nagaland kanye ne-Assam.
Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa lesi sizwe kwezinye njengoba abesifazane bezihlobisa ngobucwebe bendabuko kanti abesilisa bafaka iziphandla emakhanda abo ngezimpaphe eziningi. Izindlu zabo nazo ziyimfihlo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthatha izithombe e-Nokpante, Jamsireng, Jamadaal noma Nokmong, futhi kunjalo, ubambe iqhaza kuMkhosi we-Asanang Wangala.
Angami Tribe
lesi sizwe uhlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, eNagaland. Ingesinye sezizwe ezinkulu kakhulu kule ngxenye yezwe, etholakala ngokuqinile esifundeni saseKohima. Bangabantu abaziwa ngokukhiqiza izinto zoqalo, ifenisha yomoba, imibhede, nocelemba.
Amadoda agqoka okumnyama nokumhlophe kanti abesifazane bafaka amasongo, amacici namaparele. Kokubili kuyamangaza kakhulu. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlangana nalesi sizwe kuphakathi Hornbill Festival.
Isizwe Somhlaba
Lesi sizwe sihlala kakhulu ethafeni laseChota Nagpur naseJharkhand, eNtshonalanga Bengal, eBihar, e-Odisha noma eChhattisgarh. Yisizwe esino-a indlela yokuphila elula kakhulu, abalandela inkolo yamaSarna kanjalo, bakholelwa kunkulunkulu okuthiwa nguSingonga.
Imikhosi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu iMage, iKaram, iSarhul nePhagu, yonke eheha abahambi abavela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Bhutia Tribe
lesi sizwe ibusa indawo evaliwe yaseSikkim, khona kanye emngceleni wezintaba ze-Himalaya. Bangabantu abaziwa kakhulu ngamasiko abo, ubuciko babo kanye nokudla kwabo. Isitsha sakhe esidume kakhulu umama, amadombolo ashubile agcwele inyama.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuya kule ngxenye yeNdiya futhi uhlangane nalaba bantu kungesikhathi se- I-Loosong Festival kanye ne-Losar Festival, imikhosi ethandwayo egcwele imibala, inkolo, ubuciko nomculo.
Isizwe samaChenchu
Lesi sizwe sesihlale izinkulungwane zeminyaka U-Andhra Pradesh, e-Nallamala Hills enenkungu. Baphila impilo enzima, njalo bancike ekuzingeleni kanye nemikhiqizo ehlinzekwa yihlathi njengezithelo, izimpande, izimbali, uju kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlukahlukene.
Kuyisizwe esinemikhuba eminingi, phela banonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi abaningi, futhi yilokho ngokuyisisekelo okukhanga abahambi abazohlangana nabo.
Kodava Tribe
Enye yezinto ezikhanga kakhulu izivakashi zalesi sizwe ukuzwana namasiko aso. Bathanda umculo nokudansa futhi lokho ikakhulukazi emikhosini yayo ebaluleke kakhulu njengoMkhosi wePuttari, iKaveri Sankramana kanye neKailpodhu.
Es esinye sezizwe ezihluke kakhulu zaseNdiya, ohlale aziwa ngobuqhawe bakhe, futhi nakuba namuhla ukushesha nokuhlakanipha kwakhe kungasalwi, ungakubona ngesikhathi sempi. I-Kodava Hockey Festival. Yebo, ihokhi! Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bayawuthanda lo mdlalo.
Isizwe saseToto
Kuzo esinye sezizwe eziqhelelene kakhulu kuzo zonke izizwe zaseNdiya. Uhlala edolobhaneni laseTotopara, esifundeni saseJalpaiguri kuya west bengal. Baphethe a indlela yokuphila elula kakhulu y zincike izithelo nemifino. Nakuba bezibiza ngamaBuddha, bakholelwa nakunkulunkulu u-Ishpa nonkulunkulukazi uCheima.
Uma uzovakashela i-Jaldapara National Park, enye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu ezweni, amakhilomitha angama-20 nje ukusuka eTotopara, ungayivakashela.
Singaqhubeka nokufakwa ohlwini nokuchaza izizwe zamaNdiya: Irula, Nyishi, Boo, Warli, Toda, Kurumban, Soliga, Siddis, Birhor, Korku nabanye abaningi. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma ufunda ngeNdiya uyabubona ubunkimbinkimbi baleli zwe, ukunotha kwalo okukhulu kwamasiko kanye nenselelo enkulu ehilelekile ekulilawuleni nasekulikhipheni ebuphofini obudlulele okuhlala ingxenye enkulu yabantu balo.