Kiev Inhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine, kodwa futhi iyinhliziyo yezwe, idolobha lasendulo, elinomlando wamakhulu eminyaka kanye nokunotha kwamasiko. Nansi edumile I-Kiev Caves Monastery, noma, ngokunembile, i I-Kyivan Monastery.
Yinhle isigodlo sezindela zama-Orthodox christian eyasungulwa phakathi kweqembu lemigede emuva ekhulwini le-XNUMX. Namuhla isasebenza futhi, akuyona nje enye yengcebo yaseKiev, kodwa futhi iheha izivakashi.
I-Kiev Caves Monastery
Igama langempela ngu I-Kyivan Cave Monastery futhi njengoba sishilo ngaphambili ingokwenkolo yobuKrestu. Yasungulwa nguSan Antonio de las Cuevas maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, eduze kwedolobhana laseBerestove. Ngokusobala ngaleso sikhathi umhume wawuhlukanisiwe, kodwa isikhathi nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu kunqume ukuthi uzohlala enhliziyweni yedolobha elikhulu laseKiev yanamuhla.
Imivubukulo yanquma lokho izindela zokuqala zemba eminye imigede futhi zagcina sezakhele ibandla phezu kwayo. Eyokuqala "i-abbot" noma i-hegumen Isigodlo sezindela kwakunguVarlaam, ngo-1057, walandelwa nguSaint Theodosius Wemigede phakathi kweminyaka ye-1062 kanye ne-1074. umbusi funda okwenza kube nokusungulwa kwe-Studite Order. Lo mthetho wasungulwa eStoudios Monastery eConstantinople, kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX kuqhubeke, kodwa kwakunguSaint Theodore the Studite owawuletha eKiev.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva amakhomanisi azama ukucekela phansi lolu hlelo lwesonto lase-Ukraine futhi kukhona ngisho nomfel’ ukholo owafela emasimini aseSiberia ngo-1951, ngaphansi kokubusa kukaStalin. Izindela ezifundayo kwadingeka zihambe ngomshoshaphansi futhi ziqhubeke nokholo lwazo emigedeni. Kodwa ukuhlehlela emuva, kuleyo minyaka yokuqala kwesigodlo sezindela, babenjalo izikhulu nabafana baseKyivan abaxhase izindela ngezipho, imali, umhlaba kanye izinqaba. Abanye baze baba izindela.
Isigodlo laphangwa izikhathi eziningana. Iqiniso lokuthi izindela zakhe eziningi zazingabantu abacebile, izicukuthwane noma abafundile, lamenza wahahela isisulu. I ama-cumanos, isizwe sasentshonalanga yeTurkey esiyimizulane, sahlaselwa ngo-1096, okubi nakakhulu okwenzeka kwezinye izikhulu namaMongol Batu Khan ngo-1240. Ngemva kokuhlasela ngakunye kwafika ukwakhiwa kabusha basukuma amasonto amasha futhi imihubhe eyengeziwe yambiwa ngaphansi komhlaba, imigede nemigede kwakhula.
Ukuhlasela, umonakalo kanye nemililo akwenzanga lutho ngaphandle kokukwandisa, ngaleyo ndlela, Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, indlu yezindela yokuqala yayisiyinkimbinkimbi yama-cloister ayisithupha. Njalo ngekhulu leminyaka laletha izinhlekelele zezakhiwo ezengeziwe kodwa noma kunjalo, ngemva kwaleyo naleyo, kwakwakhiwa kabusha nokwandiswa. Ngisho yaba nomshini wokunyathelisa obalulekile nomtapo wezincwadi okwasusa ngokudabukisayo umlilo omkhulu ngo-1718.
Naphezu komona lesi simo esafika naso, ngekhulu le-XNUMX isigodlo sesicebe kakhuluYayinamadolobha amathathu, amadolobha ayisikhombisa, amadolobhana angama-200 namadolobhana amancane, izindawo zokugaya ukudla eziyi-150, izigayo zikafulawa eziyi-150, amathaveni angama-200 futhi uhlu luyaqhubeka. Njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu, ngesinye isikhathi uMbuso wasusa yonke into futhi wagcina lezi zakhiwo, ngaphezu kokushintsha eminye imibuzo yokuqokwa kweziphathimandla zezindela. Ngemva kwalokho IsiRashiya wesigodlo sezindela.
Ngaphambi kweNguquko YaseRussia ka-1917 kwakukhona izindela nabaqalayo abangaba ngu-1200 kanye kwakuyisikhungo sezwe lama-Orthodox, eheha izinkulungwane zabahambi. Ukuheha kwakuyizinsalela zezindela ezingcwele, kodwa futhi nemigede ngokwayo, eminye yemvelaphi ye-Neolithic, lapho izindela zazihlala khona futhi zangcwatshwa kusukela ekuqaleni. I-labyrinth yemigudu, amaseli, amathuna ambiwa etsheni lesihlabathi nothuli lobumba ...
Imigede Ekude kanye Nemigede Eseduze ingamamitha amahlanu ububanzi namamitha amabili ukuphakama. Izindawo zokungcwaba zingamamitha angu-.05 ukujula namamitha angu-2 ubude nenye ukuphakama, kusekhona izinsalela ezingcwatshiwe zezindela nabangcwele. Futhi kunama-chapel amaningi angaphansi komhlaba namasonto, njengeBandla laseVarlaam noma iSonto LaseSan Teodosio.
Indawo yezindela iku-Levantameinto de Enero Street, phakathi kwamagquma anezinkuni, eduze nomfula i-Dnieper. Ithatha amahektha angama-28 futhi izungezwe izindonga. Kunezindawo ezimbili, eziphakeme neziphansi noma ezikude neziseduze futhi kuzo zombili kunezakhiwo eziningi phakathi kwamasonto, iminyuziyamu, izindlu zezindela futhi ngokusobala, imigede edumile.
Yini ongayibona ku-Kiev Monastery of the Caves
Amasonto amathuna, imigudu kanye neminyuziyamungokuyisisekelo. Isonto elibaluleke kakhulu endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yi- ICathedral Yokwenyuka yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1073 no-1078. AmaSoviet aqhumisa lesi sakhiwo ngo-1941 futhi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwawo-80. Kukhona futhi All Saints Church, elokuPhakanyiswa kwesiphambano, elokuzalwa kweNcasakazi, elokuVuka, IBandla likaZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele...
Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezithakazelisa kakhulu yi- I-Faviana Library, the Bell Tower of the New Caves, lo I-Farmacia noma i Indawo yokudlela. Kukhona imibhoshongo: i Abadwebi Tower, lo Iwashi Tower kanye Onufrivska Tower, Ngokwesibonelo. Phakathi kwamamnyuziyamu kukhona Imnyuziyamu Yezincwadi Nokukhangisa, the I-Miniatures Museum, the National Treasures Museum, phakathi kwabanye. Ungakhohlwa izindonga ezizungeze ngokuphelele isigodlo. Ubuhle.
Njengoba sishilo futhi maningi amathuna futhi phakathi kweziphawuleka kakhulu ekaSaint Kusksha, ekaNestor the Chronologist, ithuna lika-Oleg, indodana kaVladimir II Monomakh, lendodakazi yakhe u-Euphemia kanye nelikaPapa Clement I.
Namuhla, ngeshwa, izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zihlukaniswe ngalezo zingxenye ezimbili esizisho ngenhla, i-lavra bajo ne-lavra alto. Imigede kanye nesigodlo sezindela esisasebenza sisengxenyeni engezansi kuyilapho ingxenye engenhla isebenza ngaphansi kwegunya leSigodlo Sezindela Zamasiko ase-Ukraine futhi yilokho Namuhla yaziwa njengendawo Yokulondolozwa Kwezamasiko Nezomlando.
Umzila ongase ube khona? AmaPilgrim ayelulekwa ngalokhu okulandelayo: uma bengena NgamaSango Emigede azobona umgwaqo ogudla ingadi yezindela futhi uzungezwe uhlangothi ngalunye yigalari egcwele izivini. Ungawubona umfula futhi uyiposikhadi elihle. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa igalari emboziwe negandayiwe yasuka eMigedeni Eseduze yaya Emigedeni Ekude futhi yaqhubekela emagqumeni Emigede yengeza ubuhle kukho konke.
Akunandaba ukuthi kukhona ilanga noma imvula, ngokunakekela kuhlale kunconywa ukuhamba emithambekeni ukuze uhloniphe imvelo kanye nezakhiwo zale ndawo enhle. Igalari ehlanganisa la maqembu amabili emigede yavuselelwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi iyafana nangaleso sikhathi. Khona-ke kufanele uhambe engadini, ume phambi kwe Isiphambano sesikhumbuzo seminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili kukaKristu, ukusuka lapho ukubuka kuyi-panoramic yayo yonke imigede.
Ngezansi kwengadi kukhona Imigede Ka-Antonio (Imihume Eseduze), kuyilapho Imigede KaTheodosius ingaphakathi kwegquma elibhekene neBandla Elikhulu. Wonke umuntu, abahambi nabavakashi, bathutheleka eSigodlweni Sezindela saseKiev seMigede kanye Nemigede Eseduze NaseKude esabalaliswe ezisekelweni zesigodlo sezindela. Uhambo luzoba yinto emangalisayo. Uyalokotha ukuwenza?