I-Los I-Mayan babe ngomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu futhi abanesithakazelo emhlabeni wasendulo. Kusatshalaliswe kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi, izinkulungwane zeminyaka bakhanya ngamasiko abo kwabanye abantu nasemhlabeni wonke.
Kodwa amaMaya ayegqoka kanjani? Njengoba babenjalo? Babebukeka kanjani? Sibonile okuthile emidwebeni yethu nasemidwebeni nakwabanye okushiywe ngabakholoni baseSpain, kodwa impela, Zaziyini izingubo zamaMaya?
Omeya
Njengoba sishilo, isiko lamaMaya laliyi- isiko le-mesoamerican okubaluleke kakhulu okwadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili futhi kwakhanya ngokukhanya kwayo. Kwakunezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ekukhuleni kwayo, amadolobha amaningi ayo ekugcineni ashiywa, okwenza imibuzo eminingi namuhla. Kamuva abaseSpain bazofika beqeda izici eziningi ezisemqoka zalesi siko, kungaba ngenkemba noma ngeBhayibheli.
Impucuko yeMayan Kwakuwumphakathi ohlukanisiwe, kwakukhona abantu abaphezulu futhi kwakukhona nabantu abavamile yize ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-stratification yaqala ukuba nguchwepheshe kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho yaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Izifundazwe zakha umbuso lapho kwakukhona amaqhawe, abalimi, abathengisi, izigqila, abasebenzi, abakholwayo, izicukuthwane.
Ngenhla kwazo kwakukhona inkosi, yesimo esingokobunkulunkulu. Indlalifa kwakufanele ibe yindoda, yegazi layo, namandla abe esezandleni zowesifazane kuphela uma ingekho indlalifa yesilisa. Ukukhula kwendlalifa kwakuhambisana namasiko okuqala futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakunemikhosi eminingi.
Noma kunjalo, Abantu abangama-90% babejwayelekile futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngaleso sikhathi ngazo zonke. Impi ibiyinto yansuku zonke, ngenxa yezizathu zokulawulwa kwemithombo yemvelo nokulawula imizila yezohwebo. Ekugcineni, amaMaya ayekhona izazi zezinkanyezi ezinkulu nezibalo zezibalo Futhi noma namuhla singabukela phansi imihlatshelo yabantu, iqiniso ukuthi lo mkhuba wawuyinto ejwayelekile emasikweni amaningi asendulo.
Kususelwa ebucikweni bakhe kanye nasendabeni yabantu baseSpain, ngisho nangesikhathi, esingakwazi namuhla indlela amaMaya ayegqoke ngayo.
Kwakuyiziphi izingubo zamaMaya
Njengoba sishilo, umphakathi waseMayan kwaba munye umphakathi ohlukanisiwe y indlela yakhe yokugqoka ikhombisa lokho. Amakilasi abaluleke kakhulu agqoke izindwangu zekhwalithi engcono futhi anombala owengeziwe, basebenzisa izimpaphe noma amatshe ayigugu, kuyilapho abavamile begqoka ngokomsebenzi abawenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcimbi ngamunye wamasiko wawudinga imvunulo yawo, ngakho-ke akusikho ukuthi kukhona imvunulo eyodwa yamaMaya kodwa eziningana. Ingubo ehlukile kuye ngesenzakalo. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona amasudi empi, imvunulo yokudansa, ukugqoka kwansuku zonke nezemidlalo.
Ngakho-ke, emigqeni ejwayelekile sinezingubo ezimboza izinyawo, ezinye okhalweni, zomzimba nezingalo, ikhanda nobuso. Omeya babegqoke isikhumba, ukotini, uboya nokuhlobisa imihlobiso yembewu, amathambo, amatshe ayigugu nokhuni.
Ake siqale nge isigaba sabasebenzi. Abasebenzi babegqoka izingubo ezilula ezibavumela ukuthi basebenze. Benzeni? Ngokuyinhloko babenjalo abalimi ngakho bagqoke i- isiketi esifushane, "pathi«, Ukuhamba kalula ensimini, futhi akukho lutho ku-torso. Isiguli emboze izitho zangasese futhi kwesinye isikhathi yonke into yayifekethiswa ngemibala, ngokusho kokunambitheka komnikazi. Ngokwakhe abesifazane babegqoke isiketi eside futhi nehembe elibanzi labizwa uphil.
I-huipil yayimboza amahlombe abo futhi yayijwayele ukuba nemibala. Bebegqoke ezinyaweni izimbadada ezazenziwe ngesikhumba senyamazane nezinye izinhlobo zezikhumba. Ubani owayengazihlobisa ngezinto zokhuni noma ngethambo. Izimbadada zabesifazane zazizacile kunezabesilisa. Ngenkathi umlimi egqoka izingubo ezinesizotha futhi ingcweti mhlawumbe ingeze umhlobiso othile olengisiwe, izigqila zazigqoka kuphela isihlangu futhi zikwazi ukuhamba zingafake zicathulo. Uma beyinyama yomhlatshelo, khona-ke babenikezwa imihlobiso ethile.
Ubulula bezingubo zesigaba sabasebenzi buqhathaniswa nemihlobiso yezingubo zesigaba esiphakeme samaMaya. Abesifazane besigaba esiphakeme babegqoke isiketi eside nesibanzi, esifakwe ngezindwangu ezinemibala okhalweni. Ngenhla babegqoke imikhono engenamikhono, enamasaka, futhi behlobe ngayo amatshe ayigugu. Emakhanda abo babegqoke izigqoko ezinamaphiko futhi mhlawumbe namaparele, ama-tiaras, amaduku. Ezinyaweni, izimbadada ezincanyana ezinezintambo namatshe ayigugu neminye imihlobiso. Izingubo zoboya nazo bezingalahlekile.
Kepha bayithathephi imibala? Omeya basebenzisa izingulube zemvelo, odayi bemifino, ukudaya izingubo zakho zendwangu. Imibala evelele kakhulu kwakuyi- ophuzi futhi i azul: okuphuzi kwakumele umbala wenyoka, ummbila kanye nokunye kwawo, futhi okwesibhakabhaka kwakuwumbala wonkulunkulu namanzi. Izindwangu zaseMayan bezimangalisa futhi yonke into yendwangu ibithathwa njengesipho esivela kunkulunkulukazi weNyanga, u-Ixchel. Abesifazane ngaleso sikhathi babengama-spinner nabafekethisi ngokwenza kahle.
Kulungile manje Izingubo zizobukeka ngendlela ehlukile uma kukhulunywa ngomcimbi noma isiko. Amasiko ayegudluza ecela umusa konkulunkulu, isivuno esihle, ngokwesibonelo, futhi ayenziwa njalo ngokomjikelezo wenyanga. Kulezi zikhathi izingubo zazikhona okushaya kakhulu futhi lezi kwakuyizikhathi zamandla emindeni ukuthi avezwe ngezingubo.
Yilapho i- izimpaphe ezimibalabala, okuncono amatshe ayigugu, izingubo ezinhle kunazo zonke. Izembatho zabapristi zazihlanganisa umsila ogcwele izimpaphe, imihlobiso eyayisenza umsindo lapho inyakaza (amasongo, izigaxa), izintonga ezinkulu, futhi isithombe sasisabisa impela. Cabanga nje ube nomfana ogqoke kanjena ephethe ummese ngesandla mayelana nokukhipha inhliziyo yakho ... Kuyethusa kanjani!
Okokugcina, imidwebo yomzimba babeyingxenye yengubo. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bapende imizimba nobuso babo. Abesifazane babencamela ukupenda ubuso babo futhi abesilisa nabo bangeza izitho zomzimba.
Abesilisa, isibonelo, bazipenda ngombala omnyama baze bashada. Ubuciko emzimbeni babuyisikhashana futhi babungasahlukanisi amakilasi omphakathi kakhulu. Hhayi kuphela abaphezulu ababekwazi ukupenda imizimba yabo, yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngezikhathi zomphakathi bekuneyabo imithetho.