Ngandlela-thile sonke siyazi ukuthi obani ama-Eskimos. Ingabe kuzoba izincwadi zobuntwana bethu, izincwadi zesikole, amamuvi? Angazi, kodwa siyabazi ukuthi bangobani...noma sesike sizwe ngabo kuphela kodwa asazi lutho?
Kungenzeka, ngakho namuhla Actualidad Viajes Sizofunda, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi bangobani, banjani futhi lapho ahlala khona ama-eskimos.
eskimos
Okokuqala kufanele usho ukuthi igama Eskimo empeleni yigama lendabuko lelo ibhekisela endaweni, iqembu labantu, noma ulimi lwesigodi noma ulimi olusetshenziswa ngaphakathi, okungukuthi, ukuzichaza.
Sengikushilo lokho, uma sikhuluma nge-Eskimos sikhuluma ngayo ngempela amaqembu amabili abomdabu, ama-Inuit namaYupik. Eyokuqala ihlukaniswe yaba ingxenye ye Alaska, omunye ku Canada nomunye ku IGreenland, kanti owesibili uhlala empumalanga Alaska futhi eSiberia. Kukhona ngempela iqembu lesithathu elihlala Iziqhingi zase-Aleutian, ama-Aleut, kodwa ngokuvamile awabandakanyi kwisambulela se-"Eskimo".
Womathathu la maqembu abelana ngokhokho oyedwa futhi akhuluma izilimi zomndeni owodwa. Konke futhi bahlala e-Arctic Circle nasezifundeni ezingaphansi kwe-subarctic. Awashodi amalungu ala maqembu aba babheka ukuthi igama elithi eskimo akulona elabo ngisho nokuthi liyinhlamba ngandlela-thile.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, eCanada nase-United States kube khona futhi kusenemizamo enzima yokungasalisebenzisi lelo gama, okungenani emibhalweni esemthethweni. Empeleni, eCanada igama elithi Inuit lisetshenziswa ukukhuluma ngezakhamuzi zokuqala zalawo mazwe. Ngokwengxenye yakho I-United States isebenzisa igama elithi "Alaska Natives."
lapho ahlala khona ama-eskimos
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kwezizwe zama-Inuit namaYupik namuhla kuzoba nabantu abaphakathi kuka-171 no-187 XNUMX. Iningi lihlala ezifundeni eziyiziyingi noma eduze kwazo ebelihlala kuzo ngokwesiko. Kuleli nani, abangaba ngu-54 65 bahlala e-United States, abangu-52 16 eCanada, futhi abangaba ngu-500 180 eGreenland. Ukwengezwa kulezi zinombolo bangaphezudlwana kuka-XNUMX abahlala eDenmark, nakuba bezalelwe eGreenland, kanti abanye abaningi abahlala eSiberia futhi, ngokwenhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, i-Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), balinganiselwa ku-XNUMX.
Umsuka we- kungani igama elithi eskimo lithathwa njenge-pejorative lishona esikhathini esedlule. Kubonakala sengathi enye yezincazelo ithi "abantu abadla inyama eluhlaza» (esinye sezizwe sabiza elinye iqembu lokho, futhi lelo kwakuyigama abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu abagcina belamukele). Kungakho, ngo-1971, i-ICC yanquma ukusebenzisa igama elithi Inuit ukuze ichaze bonke abantu bomdabu endaweni eyindilinga, ngaphezu kwakho konke. Bavotile base befaka igama elithi Eskimo i-inuit futhi nakuba lalingamukelwa ngokugcwele ngaleso sikhathi, namuhla eCanada Inuit igama elisetshenziswayo.
Kodwa ngale kwanoma iyiphi ingxoxo ye-etymological noma yezenhlalo, yini eyaziwayo ngalaba bantu? Nokho, ubufakazi bofuzo sekuyisikhathi eside bubonisa lokho INyakatho Melika yayigcwele abantu abavela eMpumalanga Asia kumagagasi amaningana afudukayo.
Ngenkathi aboMdabu baseMelika baziwa ngokusuka ekufudukeni okukodwa kwamaPaleo-Indian, Izizwe zase-Alaska empeleni zingezabantu abahlukahlukene abafudukela eMelika kamuva nje, ukugcina ukuxhumana okuqinile nabantu baseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo naboMdabu baseMelika abasele abucacile. Sakhuluma ngamagagasi afudukayo oLwandle iChukchi okwenzeka phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezi-5 neziyi-10 zeminyaka edlule.
Ngakho, ama-Eskimo ahlala e-Alaska, eCanada, eSiberia naseGreenland. Iningi lihlala enyakatho yeCanada, ezindaweni ezikude. ECanada, bahlala e-Inuit Nunangat, ehlanganisa iNunavut, iNunavik enyakatho yeQuebec, iNunatsiavut, esenyakatho yesifundazwe saseLabrador, kanye ne-Inuvialuit Settlement, eseNorthwest Territories.
Kusukela ngo-2016 cishe ama-73% ahlala emiphakathini engama-53 yase-arctic Izindawo zokuhlala e- Inuit Nunangat "Ekhaya ekhaya"ngenkathi Ama-64% akwenze lokho eNunavut. Ngakho-ke, cishe ama-72% ama-Inuit aseCanada ahlala ngaphandle kwase-Inuit Nunangat, kanti izingxenye ezimbili kwezinhlanu zawo zihlala emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eGreenland, phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 nezingu-56 zezakhamuzi zakhona zingama-Inuit futhi lokho kulingana nama-89% abantu. Akukho okuncane!
Namuhla, Ama-Inuit ahlala eCanada abone izimo zabo zezindlu kanye nokufinyelela kwezempilo kuba kubi, okungenani kusukela ngeminyaka yama-'50s, '60s, lapho behlala khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lesi simo sibenze baba yiqembu labantu abaningi amathuba okuhlushwa izifo eziyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Indlela yabo yokuphila yesiNtu isishintshile ngenxa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kokufudukela emadolobheni, ngakolunye, imikhankaso yamalungelo ezilwane ebezizingelwa ngokwesiko.
Futhi yebo ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyabalimaza, ngoba akungabazeki ukuthi izinguquko ezibangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zeplanethi ziye zalimaza imvelo ye-arctic. Futhi lokho kunemiphumela emibi endleleni yokuphila yama-Eskimos, ukushintsha, isibonelo, kakhulu, ukudla kwabo. Amazinga okushisa afudumele ancibilikise iqhwa, anciphisa iqhwa kanye ne-permafrost futhi ngaleyo ndlela umhlaba wakho usuqalile ukonakala, izinkathi zokuzingela azisezinde, futhi ukuzingela eqhweni elincanyana kuyingozi kakhulu...
La ukungcolaKuze kwadala ukuthi lokho okudliwa yi-Eskimos nakho kunezingozi zako. Kungani? Zitholakele iminonjana yezinsimbi ezisindayo kwezinye izilwane zase-arctic, Ngokwesibonelo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlanganisa yonke into unakho ukuthi indlela yokuphila yalaba bantu isishintshe kakhulu, iyaqhubeka nokushintsha futhi isengozini yokushabalala, noma kuphi lapho behlala khona.
Namuhla, kukhona ukunyakaza ukuze kugcinwe isiko lama-Eskimo. ECanada, kuye kwasungulwa inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi i-Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami ukuze ilwele amalungelo ale miphakathi, futhi i-UN isiqalile ukuqapha izimo zemvelo e-Arctic. Uma lokhu sikubeka emzabalazweni wokunqanda ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlonishwa kwabantu bomdabu namalungelo abo, lapha nasemhlabeni wonke, ngethemba ukuthi ikusasa elihle lizovulelwa laba bantu basendulo.