Uma uthanda izingwadule, uke wezwa ngempela Ugwadule lwase-Atacama, ugwadule oludume kakhulu eNingizimu Melika, oluse EChile. Iwugwadule olome kakhulu olungelona i-polar kanye nogwadule olunenkungu olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Yinkulu kakhulu futhi ungayivakashela, ngakho-ke lapha sikutshela ukuthi kunjani futhi lapho uvakashela ogwadule lwe-Atacama.
Ugwadule lwase-Atacama
I-Atacama desert Inendawo engu-1600 km., isogwini lwePacific, entshonalanga ye-Andes, eChile. Kumayelana a indawo enamatshe, enamachibi anosawoti, isihlabathi namadwala entaba-mlilo.
Hlangana namazinga okushisa adlulele, ngoba ivezwa kukho kokubili i-Humboldt ocean current kanye ne-anticlonic current yasePacific. Nakuba umuntu ecabanga ngendawo ewugwadule njengendawo ewugwadule, uGwadule lwase-Atacama, kuze kube muva nje, lwaluyindawo enezihlahla ezinezihlahla. Lagawulwa amahlathi ngezimayini ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.
Ngokuyisisekelo yi- ugwadule olushisayo, lwasendulo nolomile. Kuthiwa iwugwadule oludala kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi izimo zalo eziwugwadule eziwugwadule sezivele ziyizigidi eziyi-150 ubudala (ngokweNature Magazine). Inhliziyo yasogwadule ibinogwadule okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-15 edlule, ngenxa yesenzo esihlangene sokwakheka komhlaba kanye nezimo zomoya wendawo. Yingakho kuyindawo lapho I-NASA ihlola amathuluzi futhi yenza uphenyo lwaselabhorethri lwemishini eya ku-Mars.
Iwukuthi lenhliziyo eyomile ewugwadule icishe ivimbele ukuba khona kwezitshalo noma izilwane futhi kukhona nje impilo ethile esesimweni samagciwane, amelana kakhulu nemvula nezikhukhula nokushisa. Futhi bathi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzokwenza izivunguvungu lapha zibe namandla ngokwenza isimo sezulu siguquguquke kakhulu, ngakho esikhundleni sokwenza ugwadule lome kakhulu, kubukeka sengathi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyokwenza kube manzi. Okwamanje, uGwadule lwase-Atacama lungasiza ososayensi babone ukuthi abantu bangaphila kanjani kuyi-Mars.
Ugwadule ukuphumula phansi kwe-Andes, ukhahlamba lwezintaba ezivimbe ukufika kwezimvula ezivela empumalanga. Entshonalanga, umoya obandayo ovela ePacific uthuthukisa isimo somkhathi sokuhwamuka kwamanzi olwandle, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele ukwakheka kwamafu emvula. Kwezinye izingwadule zomhlaba amazinga okushisa angaba phezulu kakhulu, kodwa lapha izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile phakathi nonyaka lifudumele kakhulu futhi licishe libe ngu-18ºC.
I-Atacama desert Ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni zokubona izimfihlo zendawo yonke futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ivamise ukuvakashelwa izazi zezinkanyezi, izimfundamakhwela nezingcweti. Ugwadule inobusuku obungama-330 ngonyaka ngaphandle kwamafu ngakho-ke kumane kuyifasitela elimangalisayo endaweni yonke, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunezindawo eziningi zokubuka izinto: kukhona okuthiwa i-ALMA, inethiwekhi 66 telescopes aphethwe abahleli besayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke, abavela eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Asia futhi kunjalo, eChile.
Ngokwesibonelo, isibonakude se-European Space Agency, sathola isimiso seplanethi esifana nesethu esiqhelelene ne-light-year engaba ngu-40, kanye nezinye, besilokhu sisethula ngezimfihlakalo zomthala wethu. Kodwa njengoba ngike ngasho ngaphambili, izazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela nazo ziza lapha zenza lokho kanye okubiziwe "i-astrotourism". Futhi yilokho okwamanje kunezindawo zokubuka izinto ezingaphezu kwe-10, eziningi zazo ziseduze neSan Pedro de Atacama (ALMA, Alarkapin, Paranal).
Ngaseningizimu kunezindawo zokubuka i-Mamalluca, i-Collowuara, i-Tololo ne-Las Campanas, ukubala nje ezimbalwa. Futhi singabhalisa kanjani ukuze sivakashele lawa masayithi? Qaphela: eLa Serena, e-Elqui Valley, e-Antofagasta, e-Iquique noma eSan Pedro de Atacama kunezinhlaka ezihlinzeka ngalezi ukuvakasha kwezinkanyezi: Zihlanganisa indawo yokulala, ezokuthutha kanye nemishini yokubuka.
Futhi-ke, kumayelana nokwenza vakashela izindawo zokubuka izinto kanye nezinsiza zazo futhi ucabange ngezinkanyezi. Bala ukuthi ukuvakasha okufana nalokhu kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezi-5 futhi kuhlanganisa ibanga eliyisilinganiso samakhilomitha angama-259. Idolobha eliseduze nogwadule iSan Pedro de Atacama, indawo esingafinyelela kuyo ngemoto yomuntu siqu noma ngebhasi sisuka eCalama, eChile, noma, uma use-Argentina, usuka eSalta. Yindawo yokuqala enconywa kakhulu.
Umgwaqo oya eSan Pedro de Atacama, idolobha elidala kunawo wonke eChile, ugcwele izindawo ezinhle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ezweni noma ngendiza, ngendiza. I-Andes ingena endaweni ensundu yasogwadule, emathafeni ayo ayisicaba agcwele imihosha. Umgwaqo ophakathi kweSan Pedro neCalama emhlabeni ungamakhilomitha ayi-100, ekubeni uhambo lwasogwadule, sengathi uhamba eNyangeni. Khona-ke, kancane kancane, i-Andes ibheke phezulu futhi lapho ufika eSan Pedro kuba sengathi usufinyelele endaweni evundile eluhlaza ezungezwe izintaba, ichibi likasawoti nezindunduma zesihlabathi.
Ngebhasi, umzila uthatha cishe ihora nesigamu, uxhuma iSan Pedro nesikhumulo sezindiza saseCalama. Abahambi abaningi baqasha imoto e-Calama noma babelana ngokushintshana ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza kuya e-San Pedro ukuze bathathe uhambo olusuka lapho. Uma ukhetha ibhasi ngesonto ngokuvamile kunezinkonzo eziyi-145. Indlela eshibhe kakhulu ukusebenzisa lesi sithuthi, kodwa esheshayo ukuthatha itekisi.
Uhambo oludume kakhulu oluya oGwadule lwase-Atacama luqala eSalar, eSigodini Senyanga, e-Tatio geysers.. Kodwa ngale kwezindawo ungahamba futhi ngenkathi ye-carnival, amaqembu amahle kakhulu futhi anemibala. Okubaluleke kakhulu iCarnival Con la Fuerza del Sol, edolobheni lase-Arica, kodwa kukhona neCarnival of Our Lady of Ayquina noma umkhosi waseLa Tirana. Futhi ngikhuluma ngama-carnivals ngoba ngaphezu kokuba ugwadule, ubukhona bomuntu bukhona.
Ugwadule lube yisizinda sempucuko eminingi yangaphambi kwe-Columbian, ngakho ifa lalo lingabonakala rock art nasebusweni bamanje babanye abantu. Ngalokhu ungavakashela i-Azapa noma i-Valle de Lluta, i-Pucará de Quitor noma i-Aldea de Tulor, eSan Pedro, isibonelo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuyisisekelo uma uya oGwadule lwase-Ataca awukwazi ukuphuthelwa yiSan Pedro, i-Pucará de Quitor kanye ne-Valle de Marte, i-Baltinache, i-Chaxa, i-Altiplánica ne-Cejar lagoons, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Piedras Rojas kanye ne-Aguas Calientes Salt Flat, Amagiza eTatio, iSigodi Senyanga kanye nombono weKari kanye neSigodi Sothingo.
kahle, Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuya e-Atacama Desert? Izinyanga ezinhle kakhulu, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esihle, hamba kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April futhi kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela, kuhlanganise. Izinyanga ezifudumele kakhulu nguJanuwari, Februwari noMashi no-Okthoba, Novemba noDisemba. Eyome kakhulu isukela kuMbasa kuya kuZibandlela. Futhi uJulayi inyanga ebanda kakhulu.
Uma kunjalo, isizini ephezulu, enezivakashi eziningi, nguFebhuwari, Septhemba, Okthoba noNovemba, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu ngo-January nango-December. Inkathi ephansi iqala ngoMashi futhi iqhubeke ngo-August, kanti inani eliphakeme kakhulu lizoba ngoJuni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngasiphi isikhathi, hlala ugqoke izingubo zasehlobo nezingubo zasebusika. Amazinga okushisa ayashisa emini futhi kubanda kakhulu ebusuku. Futhi, uma uzovakashela amagiza aseTatio noma ama-Altiplanic Lagoons, gqoka ijazi.