Ngokusho kwesichazamazwi seRoyal Spanish Academy izwe liyindawo eyenziwe njengombuso ozimele. Ukwakheka kombuso akuyona into encane futhi kungukuphela kwezinqubo ezinde zomlando lapho imingcele idwetshiwe futhi yadwetshwa kaningi. Ngakho-ke mangaki amazwe akhona emhlabeni namuhla?
I-UN iyawamukela amazwe asemthethweni ayi-194 kuwo wonke amazwekazi amahlanu. Ngamunye unomlando wawo, kepha uma sibheka okuthile okuseduze ... Yiliphi izwe elidala kunawo wonke eYurophu? Uyazi?
Izwe elidala kunawo wonke eYurophu
Noma kuvame ukuba nezingxoxo ngakho, IPortugal iyizwe elidala kunawo wonke eYurophu. Futhi njengoba sishilo ngenhla, kungumphumela wezinqubo ezinde zomlando. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu baphakamise amafulegi enkolo, ubuhlanga noma ulimi ukuze babuse phakathi kwabanye, eYurophu, eMelika, e-Asia ...
Kuzo zonke izimo abantu bahlakulela imizwa yomphakathi ngokwabelana ngamasiko. Kamuva ukwehla nokwehla kwezepolitiki kwakuzokwakha amazwe okufakelwa, anamathele ekuthandeni kwamandla kepha ahlulwe kalula lapho lawo mandla ephela amandla. Ake sicabange ngombuso wase-Ottoman, iSoviet Union, uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary ...
Kodwa kwenzekani ngePortugal? Isisekelo saso senzeka ngonyaka we-1139 futhi yize usuku lungasho lukhulu impela kufanele ucabangele ukusimama kwemingcele yayo. Uma lokho kuyisici okufanele usicabangele yebo, iPortugal yisizwe esidala kunazo zonke eYurophu.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenkathi lonke izwekazi lihlushwa izimpi nokuvukela okwasusa unomphela imingcele yalo, inkosi yashintsha, umbuso washintsha, kwasungulwa imibuso yanamuhla, intando yeningi, ama-republic, ubushiqela, IPortugal inomlando othule kakhulu. IPortugal ineminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yempilo futhi leyo mingcele ibilokhu izinzile kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ingabe umangele ukuthi yiPortugal? Ingabe ubucabanga, mhlawumbe, ngeGrisi? Masikhumbule ukuthi yikuphi okuguquguqukayo esikucabangayo, ukuzinza kwemingcele. Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma, indawo yamaPutukezi yahlaselwa ngabantu abaningana, phakathi kwabo ama-Arabhu, futhi lapho ingaphinde yanqotshwa, ama IPortugal County, ifakwe eMbusweni waseCastile.
Ngokusobala kwakukhona imizamo eminingana yokuthola ukuzimela, ngasikhathi sinye lapho babefuna ukuxosha ama-Arabhu, okwathi ekugcineni kwatholakala lapho IPortugal isayine inkululeko ngo-1143, incwadi eyamukelwa uPapa Alexander III. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwabusa u-Count Alfonso Enríquez, indodana ka-Count Enrique de Borgoña, owayengusomaqhinga omuhle kwezempi nakwezombusazwe. Kamuva izingxabano noMbuso waseCastile zazizophela, ngokusayinwa kwesivumelwano se- Isivumelwano sama-Alcañices phakathi kukaDionisio I wasePortugal noFernando IV waseCastile.
Leso sivumelwano futhi walungisa imingcele phakathi kombuso wasePorugal nalowo waseLeón. Ngemuva kwempi, iPortugal yakwazi ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni kwayo futhi yingakho ingena ocingweni «Ubudala Bokutholakele». Imikhumbi yakhe yahamba olwandle, yahlola ugu lwase-Afrika, yahlangana nobumbano phakathi kwe-Atlantic ne-Indian Ocean ngeCape of Good Hope, yangena eNingizimu naseNingizimu Melika, yakhonjwa eBrazil, yafika eMpumalanga.
Amazwe eNew World amnike ingcebo entsha kuhambisana nezimayini, negolide namatshe ayigugu okwenza inkundla yeNkosi uJohn V yaba ngomunye wabantu abacebe kunabo bonke eYurophu. Kamuva waba nezingxabano zepolitiki, ezomnotho nezenhlalo. Empeleni, ikhulu le-XNUMX lalingelona ikhulu leminyaka elizolile njengoba lalinazo zonke izinhlobo zokuvukela ngisho nezimemezelo zempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye namashumi amabili, imibuso yaqala ukuwohloka futhi nePortugal yayinjalo.
IPortugal yashayisana neNgilandi kaningi, ngaphandle kwenhlanhla, ngakho-ke ekugcineni lokho kwaba nomthelela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, emandleni ubukhosi obugcine buqediwe ngo-Okthoba 1910. Ngemuva kwalokho i-republic yazalwa, ukubamba iqhaza kwezwe ku Impi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukuthathwa kwamandla ngumbutho wezempi kanye kwakungu-salazar, wenkantolo yama-fascist.
Ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili nakho kuthinte iPortugal. Akekho umuntu owayefuna ukudedela impahla yakhe yaphesheya kwezilwandle kodwa kwase kuyizimo ezazingabekezeleleki. Kwabe sekungena iPortugal impi e-Angola, eGuinea Bissau, eMozambique. Izinkinga ezingaphandle azizithambisanga izinkinga ngaphakathi futhi ngenxa yalokho, emashumini eminyaka alandelayo iPortugal yahlangabezana nenkinga engenakuqhathaniswa eholele kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ICarnation Revolution, ngo-1974.
Phakathi kwengozi yamasosha neyamaKhomanisi, kwaba njalo Ngeminyaka yama-70, leli lizwe lagcina linqamule ubudlelwane namakoloni alo ase-Afrika, laqaphela inkululeko yalo.. Ekugcineni, inqubo yentando yeningi yaqala ukuzinza futhi ngo-1976 umongameli wokuqala wakhethwa yi-universal suffrage.
Manje, uma sibheka okunye ukuguquguquka, impela kunezizwe ezindala kunePortugal. Ngokwesibonelo, Greece, ngokuvumelana kwamasiko ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ngokusobala, amakhulukhulu eminyaka aveze izinguquko ezakhiweni zawo zepolitiki kanye nemingcele yawo futhi akufanele siqhathanise imikhawulo yamanje naleyo yaseGrisi yasendulo, kepha iningi lesiko lakhona lasekuqaleni lisabonakala nanamuhla futhi liyasungula njengoba elinye lamazwe amadala kakhulu hhayi eYurophu kuphela kepha nasemhlabeni.
IPortugal, Greece, nathi kufanele siqoke ISan Marino. Yizwe elincane kepha izwe ekugcineni futhi lingelinye lamadala kunawo wonke eYurophu nasemhlabeni wonke. Ngokusemthethweni iSan Marino yadalwa ngonyaka ka-301 ngesandla sokholwa ngamatshe ongumKristu, uMarinus waseDalmatia, owashiya isiqhingi sase-Arbe ebalekela inqubomgomo elwa nobuKrestu yoMbusi waseRoma uDiocletian. Wafika lapha, wacasha eNtabeni iTitano, wasungula umphakathi omncane.
Ngokusobala iSan Marino yayisezandleni zamandla angomakhelwane, kodwa ngo-1631 iVatican ekugcineni yakwamukela ukuzimela kwayo. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ngo-1797, yabuye yamukelwa yiFrance, nango-1815 ngamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. Ukuzimela kwayo kwakusengozini kwesinye isikhathi, ngokwesibonelo ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-Italy, kepha yakwazi ukuyivikela ngokusayina kwezivumelwano eziningana.
Ngenkathi iSan Marino ingumbuso omncane, asikwazi ukusho okufanayo nge EFrance. Ukusungulwa kwalesi sizwe kungalandelwa emuva ekuqhekekeni koMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma ngonyaka ka-843 noma ekubekweni kwesihlalo sobukhosi seNkosi uClovis ngonyaka ka-481. Ake sithathe usuku olulodwa noma olunye, iqiniso ukuthi iFrance ibikhona isikhathi eside isikhathi. mthoko isimo sezulu.
Singakhuluma futhi Armenia, ephethe indawo yayo okungenani iminyaka engama-2600 XNUMX, ye Bulgaria futhi yilokho ngaphandle kweYurophu iJapane, i-Iran iGibhithe ne-Ethiopia aphakathi kwamazwe amadala kakhulu.