Ukusuka esikhathini kuya kule ngxenye ku Ephakathi Ephakathi Kuqhamuke amandla omcebo wawo omkhulu uqhamuka kwigolide lethu eliketshezi, elenza umhlaba ujikeleze okwamanje: uwoyela. Ngikhuluma I-United Arab Emirates.
wakhe ama-emirates ayisikhombisa labo abakha leli lizwe elibusayo futhi namhlanje sizokhumbula kancane indaba yakhe, kusukela ogwadule kuya engcebweni, futhi amathuba okuvakasha ukuthi basinikeza namuhla. Uhambo oluya enhlonhlweni yase-Arabia, okwake kwaba yizwe lamagquma nezizwe, namuhla izwe lamabhilidi amakhulu nemali.
I-United Arab Emirates
Kunama-emirates ayisikhombisa akha leli zwe: IDubai, iSarja, i-Umm al-Qaywayn, iFujairah, i-Ajman, i-Abu Dhabi neRas al-Khaimah. Njengase-Afrika, amandla aseYurophu anokuxhumana kakhulu nokwakheka kwesifundazwe. Lapha abahloli bamazwe abangamaPutukezi bafika ngekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka, befuna futhi bevula imizila eya e-Asia. Kamuva, ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, kwaba abaseBrithani abenza iPersian Gulf yaba isikhungo esibalulekile emizileni yabo yezohwebo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi abaseYurophu, babelangazelela ukuvula ukuhweba, ngakolunye uhlangothi imindeni yama-Arab eyayisebenza ngezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ngoba ngaphandle kwabaseYurophu babesendaweni uMbuso WaseTurkey noMbuso WasePheresiya futhi kungani kungenjalo, abaphangi. Sesiyakwazi lokho abaseBrithani Benza kahle ekubuseni umhlaba, ngakho-ke ngekhulu le-XNUMX basungula i- ukuvikela endaweni yamanje ye-emirates.
Ngokusayina izivumelwano namakhosi endawo, i Isivumelwano Sasolwandle Jikelele ngo-1820 obubeka ukuthi ama-Arabhu azophatha abaphengululi. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva Isihlahla Esingapheli Solwandle lokho kwavumela imikhumbi yaseBrithani ukuzulazula osebeni. Bese abaseBrithani basuka esihlakaleni baya endololwaneni futhi bazuza ngo-1892 the Isivumelwano Esikhethekile lapho ama-Arabhu ayengakwazi ukuba nobudlelwano namanye amandla futhi i-United Kingdom yawanika ukuzivikela kwendawo kanye nezintandokazi zezohwebo.
Sikhuluma ngemindeni yama-Arabhu ngaleso sikhathi eyayingakezwa nokuzwa ngemayini yegolide ababefudukela kuyo. Ngakho-ke bavele badla, badoba futhi baqoqa amaparele. Kwakungemva kweMpi Yezwe II lapho izinkambu zokuqala zikawoyela negesi. Ukuqhuma kwakuqala nje. Impi yaphela futhi uMbuso WaseBrithani wahlukaniswa ngakho amazwe aqala ukuxoxisana ngokuzimela kwawo.
I-UK yahoxa ngo-1968 nama-emirates ahlangana ukubona ukuthi aqhubeka kanjani. IDubai ne-Abu Dhabi bahlangana futhi bamema abavikeli beBahrain neQatar. Ukungaboni ngaso linye okwalandela lapho kwakuzophatha umndeni wama-Arabhu kwabangela ukuthi bahlukane, kodwa ngo-1971 i-United Arab Emirates yazalwa, umfelandawonye omusha wamalungu ayisithupha. URas al Khaima wayengekho ngalesi sikhathi ngoba wayenombango othile wendawo ne-emirate yaseSarja, kepha wajoyina ngemuva konyaka.
KwakunguSheikh wase-Abu Dhabi, uZayed bin Sultan al Nahayan, owabamba isikhundla sobumengameli kusuka ngo-1971 waze washona ngo-2004. akulula. Ibambene nama-petrodollars, i-United Arab Emirates yangena ku- inqubo yesimanje esheshayo kuma-90s futhi ngaleyo ndlela abelusi, abaphangi bemikhumbi, nabadobi bamaparele baba ngabadlali abanothile nabanethonya kwezombusazwe.
I-United Arab Emirates namuhla
Njengase-European Union akuwona wonke ama-emirates afanayo. Kunokwehluka kwezomnotho ngoba izinkambu zikawoyela azisatshalaliswa ngokulingana. Isibonelo, i-Abu Dhabi igxila cishe ku-90% nase-Dubai 5% yazo. Futhi, lezi zifundazwe ezimbili zinezindiza zazo ngakho zinemizila ebalulekile yokuhweba. Bobabili bamele i-83% ye-GDP, ngakho-ke ama-emirates ayisihlanu amancane ancike kubo ngentela yenhlangano.
Kepha kwakulula ukuletha ama-emirates ayisikhombisa ndawonye ngaphansi kombuso owodwa? Hhay kangako. Umthethosisekelo wasayinwa ngo-1971 futhi wabanjwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1996, yize lokho kwakungeyona inhloso ekuqaleni. Lapha kwakubekiwe ukuthi inhlokodolobha i-Abu Dhabi futhi ngokwengeza ngu-emir wakhe ohola umbuso. Kamuva, umthethosisekelo ukhuluma ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kuhulumeni: intela, imali, ezemfundo, ezempilo ... Ngaphezu kohlelo lwezobulungiswa olufanayo kanye namabutho ahlomile.
Namuhla, yiRas al Khaima neDubai kuphela abanezinkantolo zabo futhi sezisunguliwe amabutho ahlomile wombuso Baphakathi kwabanamandla kakhulu endaweni. Konke kulawulwa yi-Federal Supreme Council elihlangana kane ngonyaka. Onke ama-emir aya kulo mkhandlu futhi ongqongqoshe bayaqokwa noma labo abagunyaziwe, izikhundla ziyabiwa, kuxoxwa ngemithetho nezabelomali. UMongameli uqoka owakhe umphathi, kepha uhlala ebheka wonke ama-emirates.
Ingabe lukhona ukhetho e-United Arab Emirates? Bambalwa Uhulumeni uneseluleko sezomthetho seFederal National Council, esakhiwa ngamalungu angama-40, aqhamuka kuma-emirates ayisikhombisa, akhethwe ngokwengxenye okhethweni. Kuphela bangaphezu nje kwezinkulungwane ezingama-300 abantu abangavota futhi bakhethwa yiKomidi Lezokhetho Likazwelonke elibheka ubulili, iminyaka, ukuqeqeshwa nendawo yokuhlala.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, okhethweni luka-2006, okokuqala, kuphela izinkulungwane eziyisithupha zabesifazane nabesilisa ababamba iqhaza. Namuhla isibalo sikhulu futhi ngo-6 babe yizinkulungwane eziyi-2011 nezinkulungwane ezingama-130 ngo-300. Futhi abesifazane? Hhayi-ke, bambalwa kakhulu abavoti futhi okhethweni lwangonyaka owedlule babengu-180 ababengakhethwa esikhundleni esithile, yize baba yisikhombisa kuphela abakwazi ukwenza lokho. Okungukuthi, kunabesifazane abayisikhombisa eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke Kahulumeni.
Iqiniso yilokho sharia, Umthetho wamaSulumane, uyini Izilawuli nemibandela impilo yezwe yezenhlalo nezombusazwe. Yize i-emirate ngayinye inezinga layo lokuzimela, akukho okungaphikisana nohulumeni wobumbano, ophethwe yi-Islam. Kukhona inkululeko yezenkolo, kepha ukuphela kwayo okungaziveza obala yi-Islam.
Noma ngubani oke wabona idokhumentari emayelana ne-United Arab Emirates noma esinye sezifundazwe zayo uyazi ukuthi kunezinto ezimbili ezingokoqobo: lezo zabacebile nalezo zabampofu. Lezi zokugcina zingaphezu kwanoma yini abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abazinikele embonini yezokwakha. AmaNdiya, amaPakistan, abantu baseBangladeshi ababona ingcebo yabanye ebangeni elifushane. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi e-Abu Dani, eSarja noma eDubai, izikhungo ezisemadolobheni ezinkulu ezinenani elikhulu kakhulu labantu.
I-Los emiratis bamele u-11% wabantu bendawo, isigidi esisodwa sabantu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-34% abo angaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala futhi ajabulela usizo olukhulu oluvela kuhulumeni. Bese kuba khona abanye abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe, abanemisebenzi enamakhono, abahola imali enhle. Kakhulu emkhakheni wezamandla.
Ekugcineni, Buyini ubudlelwano be-Emirates nomhlaba wonke? Kumele kuthiwe yizwe lesithathu lama-Arabhu ukuba nalo ubudlelwane bokuxhumana no-Israel, futhi akukuncane. Kulokhu unesinye isikhundla ngempi yasePalestine futhi iphikisana ne-Iran. Eqinisweni, unengxabano ne-Iran ngeziqhingi ezithile i-UAE ezibanga yona eStrait of Omuz futhi futhi iyisola ngokugqugquzela ukuphikisana kwangaphakathi ngokucasula idlanzana lamaShiite.
wakhe IDubai ne-Abu Dhabi ababambe inqubomgomo yezangaphandle, umfelandawonye wezomnotho, wezezimali nowezepolitiki. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi iyi- umlingani ongumlando wase-United States, selokhu lathola inkululeko, nokuthi lapha kunamasosha aseMelika atshaliwe. Izinkinga zayo ne-Iran nazo zisondeze i-UAE eSaudi Arabia, izwe elifuna ukulandela ezinyathelweni zokuphumelela komnotho womakhelwane walo.
I-United Arab Emirates nezokuvakasha
Eminyakeni edlule izwe selilayishe uyinki kwezokuvakasha, lizama ukusizakala ngalo isimo sezulu esifudumele, iziqhingi zayo zokwenziwa nobukhazikhazi bamadolobha ayos avela ehlane. Akungabazeki ukuthi abantu baya kuqala Dubai, indawo lapho kubonakala sengathi imali engenayo yezokuvakasha isivele idlula leyo kawoyela.
Lapha izivakashi zingaba nokuphila okuncane ogwadule, nge ukuvakasha ku-4 × 4 jeeps, ubusuku base-Arabia phakathi kwezindunduma nokugibela kwe-camello, noma uyothenga noma uphume endaweni yokudlela yasebusuku ephithizelayo.
Namuhla, yizimboni zamazwe aseRas al Khaima nase-Umm al Quwain ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ezomnotho zazo zihambisana nezokuvakasha. Okwamanje, iFujairah ifuna ukwenza itheku layo libe yisikhungo sokuhweba ngezasolwandle, iSarja iyinhloko-dolobha yamasiko nemfundo, kanti i-Ajman iyisikhungo sokuthumela nezimboni.
Okusazobonakala ukuthi ngabe uma uphela uwoyela, njengoba kuke kwenzeka, la mazwe azosinda.