Uma uthanda ukwakha kunezakhiwo eziningi nezakhiwo ezifanele ukwaziwa mathupha. Portugal has, isibonelo, izakhiwo eziningi zenani elikhulu, futhi phakathi kwezaziwa kakhulu kunalokho okuthiwa Umbhoshongo kaBhelem.
Lo mbhoshongo wasendulo usohlwini lwe Amagugu Omhlaba kusukela ngo-1983. Ekuqaleni yayinemisebenzi yezempi futhi useLisbon, dolobha yasePortugal, ngakho-ke uma uvakashela lelo dolobha, qiniseka ukuthi ulifaka ohambweni lwakho ngemuva kokufunda le ndatshana ebanzi ngalo.
UMbhoshongo WaseBelém
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, kungukwakhiwa kwemvelaphi yamasosha etholakala endaweni yaseSanta María de Belém, ingxenye yeLisbon enezingadi ezibanzi namapaki omphakathi kanye neminyuziyamu eminingi. Emakhilomitheni ayo angamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezulu iqukethe izigodlo, izindlu zezindela, amakhonsathi, amasonto nezikhumbuzo ngakho awukwazi ukukuziba.
Umbhoshongo ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1516 lapho iPortugal ibuswa nguManuel I. Kwakuyingxenye yohlelo lokuvikela olubanzi lapho iFort of San Sebastián de Caparica kanye nenqaba yeCascais nabo babamba iqhaza, konke kwakuseduze noMfula iTagus. Umsebenzi wayo wawunjalo vikela kubahlaseli abangafika ngasemfuleni.
Imisebenzi esakhiweni sombhoshongo yayiholwa ngungoti wokwakha ezempi ozivikelayo, uFrancisco de Arruda, umakhi wezakhiwo nomqophi womndeni omuhle kakhulu wabakhi, kanye noDiogo de Boitaca, umklami nonjiniyela. Bobabili basebenze kwaze kwaba sembhoshongweni yaqedwa ngo-1520.
Umbhoshongo unesitayela saseMpumalanga nesobuSulumane yize kunjalo isitayela seManueline yiso esiveza kakhulu. Lesi sitayela sivamile ezweni futhi sakhiwa ngokubusa kukaManuel I wasePortugal. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, bekungaba ukwehluka kwesiPutukezi kweGothic yaseYurophu, futhi ngalesi sitayela iTorre de Belém iqede imibhoshongo yendabuko yenkokhiso, kahle kakhulu.
Umbhoshongo muhle ngaphandle, itshe lonke, ngoba inemipheme evulekile, imibhoshongo ezimise okwezihlangu, ezinye izinqaba, ku isitayela se-mozarabic, izintambo eziqoshwe ku-façade futhi izakhi zemvelo phakathi kwazo okuvelele isibalo sobhejane base-Afrika nabanye abavela emakoloni amasha aphesheya kwezilwandle. Kuyasho ukuthi obhejane bokuqala bafika kuleli ngonyaka we-1513 bevela eNdiya.
Ngaphakathi kombhoshongo unesitayela esicacile seGothic. Lapho nje ungena kunemigudu engu-16 nohlelo lwemigodi okwaphonswa kuzo iziboshwa noma imigodi. Kungabonakala njengokwakhiwe ngezinto ezimbili: umbhoshongo uqobo kanye nesisekelo. Umbhoshongo ungunxantathu futhi unemimoya yangenkathi ephakathi, inezitezi ezinhlanu futhi engxenyeni engenhla kuthweswe umqhele wethala. Isitebhisi esivunguza ngandlela thile sixhuma wonke amazinga futhi ngalinye linegama, kusuka ezansi kuya phezulu: igumbi likaMbusi, Igumbi Lamakhosi, Igumbi Labalaleli, iSahluko kanye neTerrace.
La Igumbi Lombusi It has a vaulted ophahleni olumhlophe futhi ngalo ungangena ezinqolobaneni. I- IHholo Lamakhosi inendawo yokubasa umlilo ehlotshisiwe, umnyango oya kuvulandi obheke eningizimu, nophahla oluyisiyingi. I- Inkantolo ubheke ithala le-bastion futhi unamafasitela amabili ane-balustraded ngenkathi i- Isonto Phambilini bekunombhalo obhalwe ngeSiphambano sikaKristu kanye nejazi lasebukhosini.
Ekugcineni, esitezi sesihlanu kukhona ithala lapho ubona khona kahle uMfula iTagus nawo wonke umfula walo kanye nezinye izakhiwo edolobheni ezifana neSikhumbuzo Sokutholwa noma Isigodlo Sezindela iJerónimos nendlu yaso yasesontweni.
Kuyo yonke iminyaka yawo engamakhulu ayisihlanu yomlando, umbhoshongo ube nemisebenzi eyehlukene. Izinganono bekungezokuzivikela, izinganono eziyishumi nesithupha sezizonke, zonke zigelezile, nolayini wesibili womlilo ubusogwini kanye nezimpi zalo. Iqiniso ukuthi yize linemvelaphi yokuzivikela kuyo yonke iminyaka engamakhulu ayisihlanu yomlando libe nemisebenzi eminingi futhi bekulokhu, isibonelo, ijele kanye nendawo yokugcina izikhali. Kwakuyijele phakathi kuka-1580 no-1640 futhi kwakuneziboshwa eziningi zepolitiki.
ITorre de Belém, ukwakhiwa kwayo, yakhelwe i-Age of Discovery kanjalo nayo ukusuka lapha imikhankaso eminingi yamaPutukezi isukile eMelika, eNdiya, e-Asia nase-Afrika. A) Yebo, luphawu lomuzi futhi ezinye zezithombe zakhe ezibaziweyo zimkhumbuza lokho, ngokwesibonelo kukaSan Vicente, usanta ongumvikeli waseLisbon. Futhi inesithombe sosanta wezokuvakasha ongumvikeli futhi obhejane kuthiwa basebenze njengekhuthazo kuDürer kowakhe umsebenzi wesilwane.
Obhejane bavela eNdiya njengesipho esivela kumbusi waseNdiya wasePortugal enkosini. Ungene kuleli ngo-1515 futhi wayengubhejane wokuqala eYurophu eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Kwakudume kakhulu yingakho yafakwa emihlobisweni yombhoshongo yingakho uDürer naye enza indlela yakhe yokugawula izinkuni.
Umbhoshongo uneminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu yomlando ngakho-ke kuleli qophelo kuyadingeka uma useLisbon. Lapha siyakushiya imininingwane ebonakalayo yokuvakasha:
- Indawo: Torre de Belém, 2715 - 311, ogwini, entshonalanga yedolobha.
- Ungafika kanjani: ungathatha ithilamu 15 noma amabhasi ahlukile (27, 28, 29, 43, 49, 51 noma 112. Futhi isitimela, ulayini weCascáis, wehla eBelem.
- Uhlelo: phakathi kuka-Okthoba no-Ephreli kuvulwa kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuye ku-5: 30 ntambama. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba ikwenza kusuka ngo-10 ekuseni kuye ku-6: 30 ntambama. Kuvaliwe njalo ngoMsombuluko, Januwari 1, ngeSonto lePhasika, ngoMeyi 1 noKhisimusi.
- Inani: Ukungena kubiza ama-euro ayisithupha kumuntu omdala ngamunye kodwa uma ukhokha ama-euro angama-6 unethikithi elihlanganisiwe elikuvumela futhi ukuthi uvakashele i-Monastery yaseJerónimos. Uma ukhokha ama-euro angama-12 ungangeza isigodlo sase-Ajuda. Labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-16 bakhokha uhhafu kanti labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65 banokungena mahhala. Uma une ILisbon Card futhi kumahhala.