Kunemigwaqo nezindlela, imizila esinqamula kumathafa amahle neminye esifaka emlandweni wezakhiwo nezenkolo. Le nhlanganisela yokugcina yilokho okuthiwa okunikezwayo Umzila weCistercian, ukuvakasha kokunye okuningi izindlu zezindela ezinhle zaseSpain.
Akuyona indlela ende kakhulu futhi kujwayelekile ukuthi abagibeli bamabhayisikili bakhethe ukukwenza, kepha kusobala ukuthi ungakwenza futhi ngemoto noma ngezinyawo. Noma ngabe uyiphi indlela yokuhamba, nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze ukwazi.
I-oda le-Cistercian
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i- I-Cistercian Order futhi indala kakhulu kahle yeboisisekelo sihlehlela emuva ku-1098. Ngalowo nyaka, cishe UDijon, eFrance, Kulokho kwake kwaba edolobheni ongumRoma I-CisterciumURobert de Molesmes wasungula i-abbey, ekugcineni umsuka we-oda.
Kwaku-oda elibalulekile ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi okungenani kwaze kwaba nezikhathi ze-French Revolution umsebenzi omuhle kwezenhlalo. Kepha umsunguli wayo, uMolesmes, wayefuna ukubuyela empilweni elula yezindela, ngokuzila ukudla nobumpofu kanye nomsebenzi omningi wokuhlanganyela, ngakho-ke wathola indawo yokuhlala yedwa futhi wahamba namamaki amaningi ukuthola i-abbey entsha. Izinsuku zokuqala bezingelula kepha ngosizo lwabanumzane bendawo bakwazile ukuchuma.
Izindela zaseCistercian ngaleso sikhathi zamukela umkhuba olula woboya obuhlaza, ngakho zaqala ukubizwa "Izindela ezimhlophe". Ukusuka ku-1112 kuya phambili, isigaba esisha sizoqala ngezisekelo zezinsizakalo kanye nokukhula komphakathi. Ikhulu leshumi nambili neleshumi nantathu lizoba yilelo langa.
Konke lokhu kwenzeka eFrance kodwa eSpain kunamabandla amabili e-Cistercian Order, iBandla lase-Aragon neBandla laseSan Bernardo de Castilla. Leli bandla lesibili lalineminyaka yobudala begolide phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa futhi lalinama-abbeys angama-45, kuyilapho elase-Aragon kuze kube namuhla kunezindela ezintathu zesifazane nezintathu zesilisa.
Umzila weCistercian
Le ndlela ixhuma ama-abbeys amathathu eCistercian: the Isigodlo Sante Creus, lowo USanta Maria de Poblet futhi enye IVallbona de les Monges, ezifundazweni zaseLleida naseTarragona. I-oda lakhula phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX lafika eSpain ngokunqotshwa yiCrown of Aragon yamazwe abizwa ngeCatalunya nueva, kuze kube yileso sikhathi ezandleni zamaSulumane. Amakhosi ase-Aragonese anika izindela zaseCistercian umyalo wokuba ziphinde zigcwalise amazwe ngokusungula izindlu zezindela.
Isigodlo sokuqala kulo mzila onemibala yi- Isigodlo seSantes Creus. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi Kungumasipala wase-Aiguamurcia, esifundazweni saseTarragona. Kuhlala onkulunkulu basebukhosini ngakho-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ithole iminikelo emikhulu eyihlobisile.
Lesi yisigodlo sezindela ukuthi ayikho impilo yezindela kuze kube namuhla. I-oda yalishiya ngo-1835 kwathi ngo-1921 lamenyezelwa Isikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke. Le nxanxathela yezindela inesakhiwo sezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: isonto, igumbi laso lendlu yesahluko. Njengoba iziphuphutheki ziyindawo yokuhlala, indawo yokuphatha, igumbi lokulala elijwayelekile negumbi lezindela. Kukhona namathuna, indawo yokunakekela abagulayo, amakamelo okwakuhlala kuwo izindela asebethathe umhlalaphansi kanye neNdlunkulu.
Isonto laqedwa ngo-1225 futhi libukeka njengenqaba. Inomkhumbi onamamitha angu-71 ubude ngamamitha angama-22 ububanzi nezindonga ezicishe zibe amamitha amathathu ubukhulu. Isakhiwo sinesimo sesiphambano sesiLatini esinama-naves amathathu futhi sinamasonto asemaceleni. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, isonto ligcina amathuna asebukhosini, lawo eNkosi uPedro III wase-Aragon nomphathi wakhe othembekile neNkosi uJaime II wase-Aragon nonkosikazi wakhe wesibili. Imisebenzi emibili yobuciko eyigugu.
Isonto lesibili kwiCistercian Route yilelo le USanta Maria de Poblet, eVimbodí. Akukho ngaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ukusuka kokuqala futhi kungaphansi kwehlathi lasePoblet nasezintabeni zePrades. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke esigodlweni ezintathu emzileni futhi futhi kwakunguzungu loMqhele wase-Aragon.
Futhi ibinesikhathi senkazimulo enkulu, ukwanda nokukhula futhi futhi fwashiywa ngo-1835 njengomphumela we ukuthathwa kukaMendizabal, inqubo ebandakanya ukuthengiswa kwezakhiwo zama-oda ezenkolo anqwabelene ngamafa neminikelo kanye namachibi kamasipala. Kwakuwukwabiwa kwezimpahla zombuso ezazinenhloso yokuthola imali yoxhaso lomphakathi, kungaba ngokuthengisa ngqo noma ngokuthengiswa kabusha komhlaba kubasebenzi noma konxiwankulu abazokhokhiswa intela entsha.
Ngenhlanhla lesi sigodlo singaguqula umlando. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwayo kwaqala ngo-1930 nangemva kweminyaka emihlanu izindela zabuya. Namuhla ivulekele umphakathi ngokwengxenye futhi iyi- Amagugu Emhlaba kumenyezelwe yi-UNESCO. Isonto lalo, ama-cloister alo, amasonto eSant Jordi naseSanta Caterina, amathuna asebukhosini kanye neNdlunkulu yeNkosi uMartín el Humano yizindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuvakashelwa.
Lesi sakamuva sithathwa njengetshe lezakhiwo zeCatalan Gothic futhi namuhla futhi liyigugu lesigodlo. Endaweni yalesi sigodlo singavakashela naseWine Museum, eVimbodí. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuhamba amakhilomitha angama-25, safika Isigodlo seVallbona de les Monges. Kuyinto a indela yezindelaNgiyazi ukuthi iphakathi nedolobha uqobo.
Lesi yisigodlo sabesifazane se-Cistercian futhi Isikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke kusukela ngama-30s. Yakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX futhi ikakhulukazi isitayela saseRoma, nakuba sinamaGothic amaningi.
Emuva ngonyaka we-1153 iqembu lamanazaretha lanquma ukujoyina i-Cistercian Order kumhlaba onikelwe yi-Count of Barcelona futhi kungekudala laba nempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwezikhulu. Izivumelwano zangemva kwempi yombango yekhulu le-XNUMX ziveze izinguquko ezithile selokhu isigodlo sezindela kwadingeka sidayise amanye amazwe aseduze ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuxazulula (lezi zivumelwano zazinqabela ukuba khona kwemiphakathi yabesifazane abakholwayo ezindaweni ezikude), kodwa lokho kwaba isiqalo wesigodlo samanje.
Isonto kumaka ushintsho olusuka eRomanesque luye eGothic futhi inombhoshongo omkhulu futhi omuhle we-octagonal bell ngesitayela seGothic kanye ne ithuna lendlovukazi uViolante waseHungary, unkosikazi kaJaime I wase-Aragon. Ungavakashela indawo yokuphenya, emakhishini, emtatsheni wezincwadi, ukuncika okuhlukahlukene kwezindela kanye ne- i-scriptorium.
Lihle impela. Kukhona izinkambo eziqondiswayo ngakho-ke iseluleko sami ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi yezindela yekhalenda nezikhathi zalo nyaka nakulandelayo. Futhi uma ufuna ukulala lapha kungenzeka. Kunehostela elinamakamelo angama-20 awodwa noma amabili aphethwe ngamamona.
Izindawo ezintathu, umzila ofanayo ohlanganisa umlando, izakhiwo nezenkolo.