Esinye sezakhiwo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni yi- Taj Mahal. KuseNdiya futhi izivakashi ezivakashela leli zwe elihle azihambi ngaphandle kokulivakashela. Ngokuqinisekile, uma ungalazi igama lakhe, umbone izikhathi eziyinkulungwane ku-TV, komagazini, noma kuyi-Internet.
Kepha iyini i-Taj Mahal empeleni? Ingabe isigodlo, itshe lesikhumbuzo, ithuna, isakhiwo sikahulumeni…?
TheTaj Mahal
Eqinisweni, iTaj Mahal yi-mausoleum, ithuna elikhulu nelibabazekayo elakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX ukuze aphumule omunye wabafazi boMbusi uSha Jahan. Isakhiwo sisosebeni lomfula i-Yamuna, edolobheni lase-Angra.
I-complex ine-a Amahektha angama-17 lapho kukhona i-mosque, indlu yezivakashi, izingadi, udonga lwenkathi ephakathi kanye nethuna ngokwalo. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1632 futhi ngo-1643 cishe yaphela, nakuba imisebenzi yaqhubeka elinye ishumi leminyaka. Uma senza izibalo ezisheshayo, izindleko zokwakha namuhla kufanele zibe cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.
umlando ongakanani UMbusi u-Shah Jahan wayefuna ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yomkakhe amthandayo uMumtaz Mahal, owashona ebeletha. endodaneni yakhe yeshumi nane. Kwakungunyaka ka-1631 futhi imisebenzi yaqala ngonyaka olandelayo, phakathi nobuhlungu benkosi. Le nkosi yayiyindodana yesithathu yoMbusi u-Jahangir kanye neNkosazana Manmati futhi yamemezela ukuthi iyinkosi ngo-1628. Yayinesifiso sokubusa futhi ikhuthele kakhulu kwezombangazwe, inezela izindawo, kodwa futhi yayinentshisekelo ngezokwakha.
Lapho eqamba i-Angra njengenhloko-dolobha yombuso wakhe, wanquma ukwakha ama-mosque amabili amakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-Taj Mahal, nakuba lesi sakamuva siwukuphakama kwezifiso zakhe. I-Taj Mahal yinhle kakhulu futhi njengoba sazi, yakhelwe ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yezindlovukazi zayo ezintathu, uMumtaz Mahal.
Kepha injani i-taj mahal? Kubonakala sengathi abaklami bezakhiwo bakhuthazwa yizinto ezakhiwa ngaphambili, njengethuna likaTimor, umdali wohlanga lozalo lukaMughal, namanye amathuna asebukhosini. Kodwa la mathuna ayenziwe nge-limestone ebomvu, kuyilapho U-Sha Jahan wakhetha ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngemabula emhlophe namatshe ayigugu.
Ithuna lisenkabeni yenkimbinkimbi: liyisakhiwo semabula esimhlophe esihlala esigcawini esiyisikwele futhi sinedome elikhulu, elihlala lilandela umklamo wakudala wamaSulumane. Kunamakamelo amaningi futhi kwelinye lawo ithuna, i-cenotaph lapho unkosikazi ephumula khona namuhla kodwa futhi nombusi owashona ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nje ethandekayo. Izingadi zinemithombo, izindlela zezitini nezemabula, imibhede yezimbali eminingi, izihlahla zamarose, izihlahla zezithelo...
Idome lesakhiwo, eligqame kakhulu eduze nakude, lingamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama, elengeza ubukhosi. Uma sengeza kulokhu ukuthi yonke inkimbinkimbi ihlotshiswe kahle, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani i-Taj Mahal iqhubeka nokumangaza izivakashi zayo. Yiba umhlobiso wangaphandle oyigugu, onezici ze-calligraphy, imidwebo engabonakali kanye nezitshalo zezitshalo futhi, bonke ngamasu ahlukene, kusukela eziqoshiwe, imidwebo, imidwebo noma amatshe ashumekiwe.
Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kukhona iziqephu zeKoran ezisetshenziswa ukuhlobisa. Kunezinhlamvu ezishumekiwe igolide, ijaspi noma imabula emnyama, ezinye zinemininingwane eminingi, ezinye uketshezi olwengeziwe olungafundeki. Kukhona ngisho ne-calligraphy edwetshwe ngokulingana ukuze ifundwe ngaphansi, kusukela ekuphakameni kwabantu. Amaphethini angabonakali akhona yonke indawo futhi, kodwa futhi naphansi nasemandleleni, anama-mosaic anemibala.
Amatshe ayigugu avela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ekamelweni eliphakathi nalapho kukhona khona ama-cenotaphs enkosi nomkakhe. Igumbi liyi-octagonal futhi lineminyango eminingi. Izindonga zangaphakathi zingamamitha angu-25 ukuphakama futhi ngaphezu kwazo kumi idome elingamanga elihlotshiswe nge-solar motifs. Ezingeni eliphansi kunamakhothamo ayisishiyagalombili kanti amanye anovulandi. Amafasitela anesikrini semabula esimhlophe.
I-cenotaph yomka-emperor iphakathi nendawo yekamelo: esisekelweni semabula esingunxande kukhona ne-marble urn. Kunamagugu ayigugu yonke indawo. Eduze kwayo kune-cenotaph yaseSha Jahan, enkulu futhi yenezelwa ngemva kokufa kombusi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva.
Kodwa i-Taj Mahal ayimangalisa nje kuphela isakhiwo ngokwaso, kodwa futhi nomklamo wangaphandle, ngenxa yayo izingadi kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu ye-hydraulic ebidingeka ukuwachelela. Kukhona amapayipi obumba, amapayipi ethusi, imisele, imithombo, amathangi okusabalalisa ... Akuyona yonke into egciniwe, kodwa lokho okwasala kusivumela ukuba sibone ukuthi kwakumangalisa kangakanani.
Ukudlula kwamakhulu eminyaka kuye kwalithinta ngempela leli tshe lesikhumbuzo, nakuba liye lehla kahle esikhathini sethu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi yokubuyisela.. AmaNgisi ayesekhona. Muva nje kube nomonakalo endaweni ye-marble ebangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi evela ezimbonini eziseduze nezinjini zezimoto.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwanqunywa indawo yokuvikela eduze kwetshe lesikhumbuzo, evimbela umsebenzi wokukhiqiza kanye nokujikeleza kwezimoto. Kamuva, ngo-1998, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa futhi.
Ukubuyela emuva kancane emlandweni, ngo-1657 u-Shah Jahan wagula kwase kuqala impi enzima phakathi kwamadodana akhe amane ukuze athole ifa lakhe nesihlalo sobukhosi. Umnqobi kwakungu-Aurangzeb futhi ekugcineni wafaka uyise e-Red Fort kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
Taj Mahal ulwazi olusebenzayo
- I-Taj Mahal ivula isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga futhi ivale isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Amathikithi adayiswa kuwo wonke amasango angena kule nxanxathela.
- Intengo yamathikithi abokufika yi-1100/200 rupees. Labo abathenga ithikithi ku-inthanethi banesaphulelo sama-rupees angu-5.
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 azivunyelwe ukungena.
- Kukhokhiswa ama-rupees angu-200 engeziwe uma ufuna ukuvakashela i-mausoleum.
- Kunokuvakasha ebusuku izinsuku ezinhlanu ngenyanga. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ubusuku obugcwele kanye nobusuku obubili ngaphambi nobusuku obubili ngemva kwalokho. Amathikithi alokhu kuvakasha atholakala ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi komcimbi, e-Agra. Amahora okuvakasha ebusuku aqala ngo-8:30 ebusuku kuya ku-12:30 ekuseni, ngamaqembu ayisishiyagalombili abantu abangu-50. Ukuvakasha kuthatha isigamu sehora. Ithikithi libiza ama-rupees angu-750 ngomuntu omdala wangaphandle.
- Omakhalekhukhwini kufanele bacishwe noma bavuleke buthule. Ukubhema akuvunyelwe futhi kanjalo nokuthatha izithombe e-mausoleum eyinhloko.
- Ungafika e-Angra ngendiza noma ngesitimela. Ukusuka edolobheni ukuya e-Taj Mahal ungathatha itekisi, i-rickshaw noma itekisi yomsakazo.