La IRiphabhulikhi yasePanama Kuyizwe elincane eliseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika nasenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngomsele wayo futhi abahambi bavela emhlabeni wonke ukuzoyibona, kodwa inokuningi ongakunikeza.
Ake sithole namuhla ku Actualidad Viajes, yini ongayibona ePanama… ngale komsele omkhulu.
ePanama
Njengoba sishilo, indawo yayo iphakathi kwamazwe aseMelika. AbaseSpain bafika ngekhulu le-XNUMX. futhi izwe kakade lase lihlalwa abantu bomdabu abanyamalala ngenxa yezinambuzane ezazilethwa kuleli zwekazi elidala. Yathola inkululeko eSpain ngo-1821. ukuba yingxenye ye IRiphabhulikhi ye-Greater Colombia, kanye neVenezuela, i-Ecuador kanye neNew Granada, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi lelo zwe lahlakazwa futhi lokho manje okuyiPanama kwasala ngaphansi kwefulegi laseColombia.
Akukho lutho oluhlala isikhathi eside lapho i-United States inentshisekelo yezomnotho noma ye-geopolitical, ngakho-ke ngo-1903 iPanama yahlukana neColombia ukuze kwakhiwe iPanama Canal, umsebenzi wobunjiniyela wobuciko owakhiwa phakathi kuka-1904 no-1914. Kusalindelwe lukhulu. Kwaze kwafika ngo-1999 lapho amalungelo okushiwo umsele azohlala ezandleni zePanama ngokuphelele, ngemali okusho lokhu.
Yini ongayibona ePanama
Yiqiniso, into yokuqala I-Panama Canal. Umqondo wokuwela phakathi kwezilwandle wawuhlala ukhanga futhi i-isthmus ingasetshenziswa. Lesi siqeshana semvelo sakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezintathu edlule sivumela ukuwela kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Abaningi kwakungabantu ababedabula la mazwe ngaphambi kokuba abaseSpain bawanqobe futhi besabise ehlathini noma eziqhingini eziseduze, ukuze kamuva bafe ngenxa yezifo ababengenakuzivikela kuzo, ngokwesibonelo, ingxibongo.
Ngosizo nokucindezela kwe-United States, iPanama yakwazi ukuhlukana neColombia futhi imisebenzi yomsele yaqala ngonyaka olandelayo. I-Panama canal Kungumzila wokwenziwa ongamakhilomitha angama-82 ubude oxhuma i-Atlantic Ocean nePacific. Idlula, inqamule, i-Isthmus yasePanama, indawo ewumngcingo ehlanganisa iCaribbean nePacific, ihlanganise amazwe aseMelika.
Ukwakha umsele kwakuwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela, kodwa kwakufanelekile ngoba izindleko zokuthutha olwandle, uma umzila ufinyezwa, zizobaluleka kakhulu. Kwaba njalo. Eminyakeni yokwakha kwakukhona ukusebenzisana phakathi kwePanama, i-United States neFrance. IFrance yayizamile ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX kodwa yayintula abatshalizimali ababethemba ukuthi lo msebenzi wawusebenza, into i-United States eyakwazi ukuyixazulula eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Amasango omsele noma izingidi, ezisohlangothini ngalunye, zivula futhi zivale imikhumbi ephakamisayo engene eChibini laseGatun., ichibi lokwenziwa elingamamitha angu-26 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izikebhe ziphakanyiselwa kuleli chibi bese zehliswa ngakolunye uhlangothi lomsele. Amasango okuqala ayengamamitha angu-33 ububanzi, kodwa ngo-5 no-2007 omunye umugqa wamasango, owesithathu, wakhiwa njengesandiso.
Ngonyaka wokuqala imikhumbi engaba yinkulungwane yadlula lapha, kodwa ngo-2012 yayisiphelele isamba esingu-815 ngonyaka. Ingqikithi yokudlula kulo msele ingahlala cishe amahora ayishumi nanye. Namuhla abanelukuluku lokwazi bangafinyelela kulesi simangaliso somuntu.
Kukhona ifayela le- I-Miraflores Visitors Centre , nge amasimu nemibono ukuhlala ubukele izikebhe zidlula futhi ufunde ngomlando we-canal. kukhona ngisho a imax yaseshashalazini kuhle ukubona idokhumentari ngaye elandiswa ngumlingisi uMorgan Freeman. Le ndawo iyimizuzu eyi-15 kuphela ngemoto ukusuka enkabeni yePanama City, yize kukhona enye futhi Isikhungo Sezivakashi, e-Agua Clara, okungokwezingidi ezintsha ezakhiwa lapho, ngasohlangothini lwe-Atlantic. Lesi sikhungo siqhele ngehora.
Indawo edumile yabathandi bolwandle nasolwandle I-Bocas del Toro. Iziqhingi lapha zinhle futhi zakha ipharadesi langempela nge Izixhobo zamakhorali kanye nokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwamasiko, nge-Afro-Caribbean airs. I-Bocas iyikhaya lamahlathi emvula, isiko leNgäbe kanye neNaso Tjerdi.
Iziqhingi ezakha leli qembu ziyisiqhingi esikhulu se I-Colon, isiqhingi sase-Bastimentos, eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni, futhi encane kunazo zonke isiqhingi sase-carenero. Emini ungaphila emvelweni futhi uyijabulele, ikakhulukazi e-Isla Bastimentos National Park uma uthanda ukuntweza nokutshuza, amachweba akhanyayo kanye nezilwane zasolwandle, futhi ebusuku, zijabulele iphathi.
Ufika kanjani lapho? Ukusuka edolobheni ungathatha indiza yemizuzu engama-45 ukuya e-Isla Colón, noma ugibele imoto noma ibhasi uye ePuerto Almirante eBocas del Toro, kodwa lokho kuthatha amahora ayisishiyagalolunye okushayela kanye nemizuzu engama-35 ngesikebhe noma ihora futhi uhhafu wesikebhe.
Enye indawo lapho uya khona yi- Idolobha lasePanama ngokwayo, nesikhungo sayo somlando esibuyiselwe, i-Miraflores Visitor Centre, i-Taboga Island nayo yonke into idolobha lesimanje elingakunikeza. Idolobha lingaphakathi kwesifundazwe sasePanama, lizungezwe yiSan Blas Islands nezinye izifundazwe. Nakhu iminyuziyamu, amatiyetha, izikhungo zokuzijabulisa, ungakwazi ukugibela ibhayisikili futhi uhlole I-Metropolitan Natural Park, nezitshalo nezilwane ezimangalisayo...
Uma uthanda imvelo yase-Central America, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhamba imizuzu engu-20 nje ukusuka enkabeni futhi uvakashele I-Pipeline Route, umzila onqamula inhliziyo ye-Soberanía National Park futhi inikeza izilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Futhi, ngokuqhubekayo kancane, ungavakashela i- pearl Islands, indawo yabacebile nabadumile: iziqhingi ezingaba ngu-200 ogwini lwasePacific ezinamabhishi aphuphile.
i-chiquiri Enye indawo okuyiwa kuyo evakashelwa kakhulu abahambi bamazwe ngamazwe. Kukhona amamayela namamayela amabhishi angenalutho futhi muhle ogwini lwasePacific, izintaba kanye nentaba-mlilo yaseBaru, okuwukuphela kwayo ezweni. Kukhona amahlathi, amasimu omoba nezimpophoma. Kukhona idolobhana elibizwa nge-Bolquete, elincane nelibukekayo, elinomfula kanye namasimu ekhofi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona idolobha laseVolcán neBambito, elinamahhotela namahostela.
Ungavakashela futhi Gulf of Chiquiri amanzi ayo avikelwe njengepaki kazwelonke, nge Iziqhingi ezingama-25 kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali eziyi-19. Ukuze uhlole indawo kanye nezilwane zayo zasendle zamahlengethwa, imikhomo nezimfudu, indawo yokuqala yidolobha laseBoca Chica. Uma uthanda ukuhamba ke i- Los Quetzales Trail, ukuwenza phakathi koqalo namahlathi amafu. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela le ngxenye yezwe ngendiza usuka enhloko-dolobha noma ngohambo lwamahora ayisithupha noma ayisikhombisa ngomgwaqo.
Eduze kwePanama City Cochle, indawo yokujabulela imvelo eyengeziwe imizila yokuhamba, izimpophoma ukuvakashela kanye namabhishi. IVeraguas waziwa ngokuthi "Iparele phakathi kwezilwandle ezimbili» futhi iyindawo yokujabulela kokubili iCaribbean nePacific. I-Veraguas yisifundazwe esinezintaba nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Columbus inamabhishi aluhlaza, kodwa engeza ombayimbayi, izinqaba kanye nezindaba zabaphangi. Isifundazwe samukela izivakashi futhi siyisikhungo semisebenzi yezandla yasePanama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Abangcwele, isifundazwe esitholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-dry arc" yasePanama, okwenza kube umnikazi wezinsuku ezinelanga kakhulu ezweni. Imaphakathi nePanama futhi iyinhlanganisela yendabuko nesimanje.
Herrera Yisifundazwe esincane kunazo zonke sasePanama, izwe elinobungane elisenyakatho yenhlonhlo ye-Azuero, phakathi kweLos Santos neVeraguas. Inogu oluncane ePacific futhi inikezelwe kwezolimo. Uzobona imihlume yasePlaya El Agallito, nezinkulungwane zezinyoni ezifudukayo, iSarigua National Park, indawo yangaphambi kweColumbian eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, kanye nenhloko-dolobha, iChitre, noma i-Ocú, uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuthatha imidlalo yakudala. futhi edumile isigqoko se-panaman.
Ekugcineni, I-Guna Yala, indawo yabomdabu ibuswa iqembu lamaGuna: iwumngcele omncane womhlaba ohlangothini lweCaribbean kanye neqoqo leziqhingi leziqhingi ezingama-365, nakuba kunabantu abangama-50 kuphela. Ingabes San Blas Islands, indawo ephezulu ePanama ngamabhishi ayo aluhlaza.
Okokugcina, uma sikhuluma ngabantu bomdabu, omunye wemiphakathi ebaluleke kakhulu lapha yilowo Embera-Wounaan, esifundazweni saseDarien, engekude nenhloko-dolobha. Eminye yemizana yayo ongayivakashela ohambweni. Njengoba ubona, iPanama ingaphezu komsele. Ube nohambo oluhle!