ISamarkand sesinye sezixeko eziphambili ze Uzbhekistan, Elinye lamazwe azalwa emva kokuwa kwe isoviet Union. Nangona kunjalo, imbali yayo ibuyela emva kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, ngakumbi VII BC.
Ixeliwe Ilifa lehlabathi, ISamarkand isenza ukuba sicinge ngeziganeko ze 'Ubusuku baseArabia' ngomfanekiso wayo obudlamkileyo waseAsia. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwako konke, kuba yayilikomkhulu lobukhosi beentsomi Tamerlane, umoyisi omkhulu wokugqibela waseMongol, ummandla owawususela apho Indiya ukuya eTurkey. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba yayiyenye yeendawo zokudlula kwi-legendary engaphantsi Umzila weSilikhi, eyayidibanisa iChina neYurophu esemazantsi. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngeSamarkand, siyakumema ukuba usilandele.
Yintoni ongayibona eSamarkand
Malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi sabemi namhlanje, yonke into eSamarkand isikhumbuza ixesha elidlulileyo. IiMosque zobuhle obungaqhelekanga, ii-mausoleums ezinomtsalane kunye nezinto ezinomdla ezifana ne-Ulugh Beg Observatory zezinye zezinto onokuzibona esixekweni. Masibazi.
IRegistan
Eli ligama le esplanade enkulu apho iSamarkand yakhiwa khona. Amakhosi abhengezwa kuwo, kodwa eyona nto intle kakhulu ziidrasas ezintathu eziyibambayo. Njengoko usazi, izikolo apho kufundiswa khona ubuSilamsi kunye nokukhonza njengeendawo zonqulo zinikwe eli gama.
Ezo uzibona eRegistan zezi Ulugh Beg madrasa, yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX; i NguSherdar, eyayingumfanekiso wangaphambili wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kunye NguTilla-Kari. Zakhelwe ngabo bonke ubunewunewu, zingumzekelo ogqibeleleyo we Uyilo lwe-islamic.
I-Mosque yaseBibi Khanum
IBibi Khanum Mosque, yenye yezona zibalaseleyo eSamarkand
Nangona kunjalo, elinye lamatye ezikhumbuzo amangalisayo ngobuhle bawo kunye nobungangamsha bayo yi-Bibi Khanum mosque, enobungakanani bayo oya kufumana umbono ukuba sikuxelele ukuba olona cango lungundoqo amashumi amathathu anesihlanu eemitha. Kwakunee-minarets ezine kunye nentendelezo enkulu esembindini eyenziwe ngamakholamu amhlophe emarmore emakhulu mane agqityiweyo ezindlini.
Njengokuba konke oku akwanelanga, kukho intle Intsomi inento yokwenza nolwakhiwo lwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba yakhiwa ngokomyalelo kaBibi Khanum, inkosikazi kaTamerlane. Kwinkqubo, umakhi wezakhiwo wamthanda kwaye wayeka ukusebenza de wamanga. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukwanga kushiye uphawu kumfazi womlawuli, okwamenza wafumanisa ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Wakhangela umakhi kulo lonke ilizwe lakhe ukuze ambulale, kodwa wayesele eswelekile, nangona wayesegqibile ukwenza mosque. Kanye ecaleni kwakhe ngu UBibi Khanum mausoleum.
IGur-e-Amir Mausoleum
Nangona kunjalo, eyona mausoleum inomtsalane eSamarkand yile yeGur-e-Amir, ethetha okoqobo "Ingcwaba lenkosi". Kwaye kungcwatywa kuye Tamerlane. I-octagonal in shape kodwa isithsaba sedome enkulu. Igcinwe kakuhle kwaye kuthiwa isebenze njengemodeli yamanye amangcwaba amakhulu afana ne Taj Mahal YeAgra.
I-Shan-i-Zinda necropolis
Sisakhiwo esimnandi somngcwabo esenziwe ngu iindawo ezingcwele y malunga namangcwaba angamashumi amabini Apho bangcwatywa khona abalinganiswa ababalulekileyo bexesha lobukhosi baseTimurid, obuqaliswe nguTamerlane ngokwakhe. Kude kuthiwe ungcwatyelwe khona Qusam ibn Abbas, mzala womprofeti uMuhammad owazisa ubuSilamsi kule mimandla.
Ulugh Beg wokujonga
Sele sitshilo lo mlinganiswa kuwe ngaphambili. Wayengumzukulwana kaTamerlane kwaye, ukongeza ekubeni ngumlawuli wale ndawo, wayemkhulu isazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Kangangokuba udumo lwakhe lade lwafikelela naseYurophu. Malunga ne-1420 wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe indawo enkulu yokujonga izinto ebandakanya enkulu sextant amabali amathathu aphakamileyo ukufumana ezona ndawo zichanekileyo zeenkwenkwezi.
IGur-e-Amir Mausoleum
Nangona esi sigqeba satshatyalaliswa ngo-1449, amathambo aso afunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye namhlanje yindawo yokulondolozwa kwembali apho ungabona khona i-sextant eyaziwayo.
Indawo yezinto zakudala zeAfrasiab
I-Afrasiab yayiyidolophu eyandulela iSamarkand. Yasekwa, njengoko besesitshilo kuwe, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC, kwathiwa igama lokuzukisa inkosi eyakhayo. Ime kumantla mpuma eSamarkand kwaye iintsalela ezifumaneka kule ndawo zikwi Imyuziyam yaseAfrasiab.
Phakathi kwabo, kukho abanye abanomdla njengoko amaqhekeza chess endala ehlabathini kunye nemizobo eyahlukeneyo eludongeni. Ikwahlala ii kuthethwa ingcwaba lomprofeti uDaniel, i-sarcophagus enkulu elinganisa iimitha ezilishumi elinesibhozo. Inkulu kakhulu kuba, ngokwentsomi, umhlali wayo ukhula nge-intshi unyaka nonyaka.
UBazaar weSiyob
Olunye utyelelo ekufuneka ulwenzile eSamarkand lolwayo Iivenkile. Eyona inkulu yile siyob, esikufutshane kakhulu ne-mosque yaseBibi Khanum. Yindawo efanelekileyo ukuba uzame iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zommandla ezifana nemihla, amandongomane okanye oko kubizwa njalo isonka samarkand. Unokude utye izitya ezinje nge iplav, irayisi elungiselelwe inyama, iziqholo, izagwityi zezagwityi, iichickpeas, iidiliya kunye neminqathe; i izengqi, uhlobo lwee-skewers zenyama, okanye Iigum, imifuno yemifuno kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa.
Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokuya eSamarkand
Isixeko sase-Uzbekistan sibonisa Imozulu yeMeditera. Ubusika buyabanda kwaye ehlotyeni kushushu kakhulu, ngeentsuku ezinokudlula kubushushu obungama-XNUMX. Inxalenye yayo, imvula inqabile. Konke oku kusenza sicebise ukuba uhambe uye eSamarkand primavera. Imozulu imnandi kwaye akukho kukhenketho lungako ehlotyeni.
Ukufika njani eSamarkand
Isixeko sinefayile ye- kwisikhululo senqwelomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ifumana kuphela iinqwelomoya ezisuka kumazwe aselumelwaneni afana neRussia okanye ETurkey. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela yokufikelela eSamarkand yile umzila kaloliwe. Ukusuka eTashkent, idolophu elikomkhulu laseUzbekistan, unendlela ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu eyaziwa njenge Yiyo Afrosoiyob.
Ulugh Beg Wajonga
Unokwenza indlela nge ibhasi, kodwa kuthatha malunga neeyure ezintandathu ukuze singayicebisi. Kanye esixekweni, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhamba kuyo yi iiteksi ekwabelwana ngazo. Zixabiso eliphantsi nangona zinengxaki yokuba zingaziqheli zide zihluthe. Olunye ukhetho kukufowuna imatrushkas, iiveni ezihambisa abantu abalishumi elinesihlanu kwaye ezingabizi kakhulu kodwa nezicothayo.
Ukuqukumbela, uSamarkand ngu indawo entle yokuhamba. Ibhengezwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli leHlabathi, ii-mosque zayo ezinkulu kunye namangcwaba amakhulu, iivenkile zayo kunye nevumba layo elichukumisayo laseMpuma ziya kukuhambisa kwilizwe elonwabisayo 'leNkulungwane namaNye oNyaka'.