Izibonelo eziyi-15 zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain

La Izakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain Ingenye ecebe kakhulu futhi ehlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba wazi, kwakuyisitayela sokuqala esihle sobuciko esavela ku- Ephakathi European futhi wabusa isakhiwo kuze kufike IsiGothic.

Nokho, ukuqala kwayo akukacaci ngokuphelele. Ngokombono wochwepheshe, kukhona i-Romanesque yokuqala noma I-Lombard eyayizoqala cishe ngekhulu lesi-9 futhi sekwephuzile Romanesque eyayizoqala emakhulwini amabili eminyaka kamuva futhi yayizodlula imingcele yekhulu le-15 ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside namaGothic okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Okulandelayo, sizokukhombisa izibonelo eziyi-XNUMX zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain. Kodwa okokuqala sifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngezici ezivezwayo.

Iyini i-Romanesque

Ngakho-ke, i-Romanesque isitayela sokuqala samasiko nezobuciko esakhiwe ngu Impucuko yaseYurophu neyobuKristu. Eqinisweni, eziningi zemisebenzi yakhe zihlobene nezwe lezenkolo. Mayelana nezakhiwo, iningi lamabhilidi akhona amasonto, izindela kanye nama-abbeys, nakuba nazo zazakhiwe izinqaba nezinqaba.

Singasho ukuthi kwavela kanyekanye ezizweni nasezindaweni eziningana (EFrance, España, inhlonhlo yase-Italy kanye nezifunda zaseJalimane). Kodwa ukufana kwabo kwakuhlobene kakhulu izinkolo ezifana nalezo zikaCistercian noCluny, okwathi, ekwandeni kwayo kulo lonke izwekazi, yayisa yonke indawo. Ngokunjalo, ukwenziwa jikelele kobuciko be-Romanesque kwathonywa yi- uhambo oluya eSantiago de Compostela kubo bonke Europa.

Lezi zici ezimbili zikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwamasonto amasha nezigodlo zezindela ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu kuyilapho zinikeza umsebenzi kubabazi nabadwebi abahlobisa amathempeli.

Izici zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque nezibonelo e-Spain

Isici esijwayelekile nesiyisisekelo esakhayo sesitayela siyi i-arc eyisiyingi noma ingxenye yesiyingi. Futhi, ngokulandelayo, imiphongolo noma kuhhavini (iquarter sphere) ukumboza izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinkulu kunezangaphambili zangaphambi kweRomanesque.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengokusekela, nazo ziyasetshenziswa izinsika eziyisilinda noma eziphambanayo. Ngokuqondene namakhanda amathempeli, enziwe uhafu wesigubhu futhi ahlotshiswe ngamakhothamo namabhande (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-Lombard arches, okuyimikhothamo eyimpumputhe). Amakhava ayisikhumbuzo futhi, izikhathi eziningi, ekuqhumeni, okungukuthi, ngokunciphisa okuqhubekayo maqondana nengaphakathi. Futhi, njengempahla eluhlaza, kusetshenziswa itshe, ngokuvamile elingapholishiwe. Ekugcineni, kakade ngasekupheleni Romanesque, babeka izithombe zokuhlobisa kuma-facade.

Lezi, ngobubanzi, izici zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque ku España futhi kwezinye Europa. Uma sesichaziwe, sizobona izibonelo zayo eziyi-15 ezinhle kakhulu ezweni lakithi.

I-Cathedral yaseSantiago de Compostela, ubuciko be-Romanesque eSpain yamemezela iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba

Ingenye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain futhi ihlukaniswa njenge Amagugu Emhlaba kusukela ngo-1985. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ngemva kwamabutho ka I-Almanzor Babhidliza ithempeli lasendulo. Ukungcweliswa kwayo kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1211, nakuba imisebenzi yaqhubeka ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ngokufanayo, abanye ochwepheshe abahamba phambili bangaleso sikhathi basebenza lapho, njengokuthi, isibonelo, Bernard Omdala noma i othisha u-Esteban noMateo. Okokugcina kungenxa yesimangaliso kuvulandi weNkazimulo. Nokho, esinye sezimangaliso zesonto lombhishobhi, i I-facade ka-Obradoiro Kuyi-baroque futhi kungenxa yomakhi Izindlu e- Novoa.

Indawo ebiyelwe ngodonga ye-Cardona castle

Itholakala kulelo dolobha esifundazweni sase Barcelona, bekuyisikhumbuzo Sesizwe kusukela ngo-1931. Ukwakhiwa kwaso kwaqala ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX ngomyalo we U-Wifred the Hary, umbusi wangaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezakhayo, i Isonto laseSan Vicente, kodwa futhi, ngaphakathi kwezindawo okuhlalwa kuzo, amakamelo Golden kanye Mezzanine. Ungavakashela i-complex futhi uhlale lapho, ngoba isebenza njengendawo yokumisa izivakashi.

Isigodlo saseSanta Maria de Ripoll

Asisuki eCatalonia ukuze sikutshele ngalesi esinye isimangaliso sezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain ozosithola esifundazweni sase-Spain. IGerona. Yindlu yezindela yaseBenedictine eyasungulwa, futhi, ngu U-Wifred the Hary cishe ngonyaka wama-880 futhi obekufanele ngabe isebenze njengendawo yokungcwaba izibalo ze-Barcelona. Ngokufanayo, ngeNkathi Ephakathi yaba isikhungo esibalulekile sokusabalalisa isiko. Kusukela ngo-1913 bekuyimpahla Yenzalo Kazwelonke.

Isonto laseSan Clemente de Tahull

Manje sidlulela esifundazweni sase Lleida ukukubonisa isonto laseSan Clemente de Tahull, enhliziyweni yesigodi saseBohí. Ngasikhathi sinye, yakha inkimbinkimbi emenyezelwe namanye amathempeli e-Romanesque endaweni. Amagugu Emhlaba. Igqame ngohlelo lwayo oluphelele lwe-basilica futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngobuhle bayo obumangalisayo insimbi yensimbi enezitezi eziyisithupha, okuyizikwele futhi ezizimele futhi iphendula Isitayela se-Lombard Romanesque.

I-Poblet Monastery

Futhi esifundazweni sase I-Tarragona Sithola amasampula angajwayelekile obuciko be-Romanesque e-Spain. Lesi sigodlo sithathwa njengesibonelo esiphelele se i-cistercian abbey futhi yakhiwa ngekhulu le-12. Uzoyithola endaweni yaseBarberá, ikakhulukazi, kumasipala wase I-Vimbodí ne-Poblet. Isetshenziswa njengeqembu lasebukhosini ngamakhosi okugcina Umqhele wase-Aragon, futhi Amagugu Emhlaba.

I-Cathedral yaseSan Pedro de Jaca

Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-11, ngesikhathi esifanayo nesakhiwa ngaso iSantiago. Lokhu akukhona ukuqondana, kodwa umphumela ukuphakanyiswa kwendlela yokuhamba, ababefuna ukugqamisa ngamathempeli ahlaba umxhwele. Ike yaba nezinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ezalandela ezifihle isitayela sayo se-Romanesque. Kodwa isabonakala, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngaphakathi nakweminye yeminyango yayo.

Isigodlo saseSan Juan de la Peña

Isendaweni yemvelo ehlaba umxhwele, njengoba itholakala ngaphansi kwedwala elikhulu elibhotshoziwe ukuze lifake amanye amagumbi alo. Ngokwesibonelo, i isonto le-mozarabic. Ingowedolobha lase Botaya, kumasipala we Iponi. Iphinde yasebenza njengethuna labaningana amakhosi ase-Aragon futhi iyingxenye yesigaba sase-Aragonese Umgwaqo kaSantiago.

Inqaba yaseLoarre

Ubuciko be-Romanesque babusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yinqaba yaseLoarre, oyoyithola ngaphandle kokushiya isifundazwe Huesca, ngoba ingaphakathi Hoya esifundeni. Eqinisweni, iyinkimbinkimbi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi egcinwe kangcono kakhulu ye-Romanesque ezweni lakithi. Ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-11 futhi ku-complex imibhoshongo yaseHomenaje kanye neNdlovukazi. Njenge-anecdote, sizokutshela ukuthi ivele kumafilimu afana Igama le-rose o umbuso wezulu.

I-Monastery yaseSan Salvador de Leyre

Manje sithuthela ku- Umphakathi Womphakathi waseNavarra ukuthola lesi esinye isimangaliso sezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain. Yindlu yezindela yaseBenedictine eyangcweliswa ngekhulu le-11 eye yasebenza, njengakwezinye izimo ezedlule, njengeqembu lasebukhosini, kulokhu amakhosi aseNavarre. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyisikhungo esibalulekile samasiko nengokomoya e Ephakathi.

Isonto laseSanta María de Eunate

Asizange sisuke e-Navarra ukuze sikubonise lesi esinye isimangaliso esitholakala amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka Muruzábal. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwayo, yangekhulu le-12, kwakungenxa uhlelo lweThempeli, nakuba ingagunyaziwe. Njengezici eziphawulekayo, sincoma ukuthi ubheke uhlelo lwayo lwesitezi esine-octagonal kanye nalo i-coister yangaphandle.

I-Royal Collegiate Church yaseSan Isidoro

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube ngenye indlela, UCastile noLeon Inezinye zezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain. Leli sonto elihlangene litholakala kuleli dolobha elishiwo ekugcineni futhi libhekwa njengelinye lezakhiwo eziphumelele kakhulu zalesi sitayela ezweni lakithi. Ezinye zezinto zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi I-Royal Pantheon ngemidwebo yakhe, isidorian basilica neminyango yalo yeWundlu neyokuthethelela kanye ne imnyuziyamu yobuciko obungcwele.

San Martin de Frómista

Siyaqhubeka eCastilla y León, kodwa esifundazweni sase I-Palencia, ukuze wazi lesi sigodlo esasungulwa ngonyaka we-1066 ngu UNksz Mayor, Countess of Castile. Ngaphandle, idome yayo eyi-octagonal phezu kwe-transept kanye nayo imibhoshongo emibili eyi-cylindrical ku-facade. Ngokuqondene nengaphakathi, bheka osonhlamvukazi abangamashumi amahlanu wemikhumbi.

ISonto LaseCollegiant laseSanta Juliana

Itholakala edolobheni laseCantabrian ISantillana del Mar, yakhiwa ngekhulu le-12 ethempelini langaphambili. Uzoyithanda kakhulu i-façade yayo eyinhloko, ene-arch enkulu ye-semicircular futhi, ngaphezu kwayo, ifrieze emele i-pantocrator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi, ine-a umhlobiso ocebile we-sculptural okujwayelekile kweRomanesque engasekho.

I-Romanesque cloister yaseSanto Domingo de Silos

I-Cloister yesigodlo sezindela saseBurgos I-Saint Dominic yaseSilos Kubhekwa njengenye yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Romanesque eSpain. Yakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-11 nele-12 futhi ivelele ezinhloko-dolobha zayo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa yobuhle bayo obumangalisayo. ama-bas-relief anezithombe zenkolo njengeSimemezelo, iPhentekoste noma ukungabaza kukaThomas oNgcwele.

ICollegiate Church of Santa María la Mayor

Manje siya edolobheni laseZamora Toro ukubona isonto layo lamakolishi elimangalisayo. Abakhi bayo, abayakha ngekhulu le-12, bakhuthazwa yi- Zamora Cathedral. Ngokunjalo, kwaba isibonelo esalukazini sika Salamanca. Ungakhohlwa ukubheka i-façade esenyakatho kanye nokumangalisa kuvulandi loMkhulu, nakuba lena isivele isiyi-gothic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-sacristy yayo kukhona encane imnyuziyamu yobuciko obungcwele ngezingcezu ze-flamenco.

Sengiphetha, sikubonise izibonelo eziyi-15 ze Izakhiwo ze-Romanesque eSpain. Kodwa, njengoba uzoqonda, baningi abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, i Church of the True Cross en lesikhumbuzo Segovia, lo Isonto laseSan Pedro de Cervatos eCantabria noma Isonto laseSanta María la Real e-Sangüesa (Navarra). Woza uzobona lezi zakhiwo ezinhle.