inani eliphakeme kakhulu eYurophu

Wake wazibuza ukuthi yini inani eliphakeme kakhulu eYurophu? Uma ufuna ukuhlangana naye, kuzodingeka uhambe uye e- I-Caucasus, ngoba kuyi I-Mount Elbrus. Inobude obungamamitha angu-5642, nakuba, ukuba neqiniso, kuzodingeka siyibize ngokuthi i-massif.

Ngoba, eduze kwalokhu kuphakama noma I-West Elbrus, inalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-peak Elbrus East, nezingu-5621. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwawo kulandelwa esinye isiqongo sezintaba zaseCaucasia, Mount Shkhara. Futhi, ngemva kwabo, kufanele manje sihambe siye eCordillera de i-Alps ukuthola esesine, okuyi I-Mont Blanc, enobude obungamamitha angu-4810. Ngokuqondene nesesihlanu, ihlanganyela ngendawo ye-alpine nedlule, kodwa esimweni sayo engxenyeni yaseSwitzerland, ngoba i-dufour peak, ngamamitha angu-4634 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kodwa manje sesizokwazi kangcono le colossus yaseRussia, okuyinani eliphakeme kunawo wonke eYurophu.

Isimo sendawo

I-Mount Elbrus itholakala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga lokhahlamba lwezintaba zaseCaucasia, okuyinto, kanye nayo e-Urals, iphawula umngcele phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. IngoweRiphabhulikhi yaseRussia Kabardino-Balkaria futhi itholakala cishe amakhilomitha angamashumi ayisithupha ukusuka edolobheni I-Kislovodsk, edume kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngamanzi ayo okwelapha.

Ukukunikeza umbono wobukhulu be-Elbrus, sizokutshela ukuthi iqhwa layo elihlala njalo liyalondolozwa izinguzunga zeqhwa ezingamashumi amabili nambili, lapho kuzalwa khona imifula emithathu: iMalka, iKuban kanye neBaksan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi njengelukuluku, kufanele wazi ukuthi igama lendawo yale ntaba Mengi Tau, okusho ukuthi "intaba yezintaba eziyinkulungwane".

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, uma uthanda ukuqwala izintaba noma ukuvele uvakashele ukhahlamba lwezintaba, ukuthi iyindawo emangalisayo yeziqongo zeqhwa, imithambeka egcwele amahlathi amakhulu, amachibi azolile nemifula emikhulu.

Isimo sezulu noma nini ukuvakashela isiqongo esiphezulu eYurophu

Uma ucabanga ukuya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu eYurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ucabangele isimo sezulu ngoba singadlala ngawe. Ebusika, amarejista aphezulu amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-50 degrees ngaphansi kweziro. Nokho, izigodi ziyafudumala futhi lokhu kungaholela ekukhithikeni okukhulu kanye nemvula. Ngokuqondene nalezi zamuva, zingadlula kalula amamilimitha ayi-1000.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ehlobo, cishe ingxenye yezinsuku libalele. Nokho, imimoya yenza isimo sezulu singabi sihle neze. Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine, kunemibandela ye isiphepho esishisayo sase-arctic lokho kucishe kuthiye ngokuphelele ukubonakala. Ngamafuphi, uma ucabanga ukukhuphuka i-Elbrus, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi isimo sezulu ngeke sikunikeze kalula.

Umlando omncane weNtaba i-Elbrus

Ngokwesimo sezwe, le ntaba yaqala, njengayo yonke iCaucasus, nge Ipuleti lase-Arabia nelase-Eurasia liyashayisana, okwaholela ekuzamazameni okukhulu komhlaba endaweni. INtaba i-Elbrus yaqala ukwakheka eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyishumi edlule ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Bahlanganisa indawo ye Amakhilomitha skwele ngezingcezu ze-tuff, i-rhyolite, i-rhyodacite ne-ignimbrite. Kamuva, ukuqhuma kwe-uranium-lead kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa edlule.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okusankondlo okwengeziwe yilokho inganekwane ekutshela yona ngo-Elbrus. Ngokusho kwalokhu, entabeni wayeboshwe ngamaketanga I-Prometeo, i-titan eyeba umlilo konkulunkulu ukuze iwunike abantu, ngokuba Zeus. Kodwa ukuqina komlando okungaphezulu kunezindawo ezimbili zokuqala ezikhuphukela phezulu.

Owokuqala owafika eMpumalanga kwaba umqondisi Khillar Khashirov, enhloko yohambo lwesayensi lwe I-Imperial Russian Army ethunywe nguye General Emmanuel. Ngokwekhalenda likaJulius, kwakungu-July 10, 1829. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufika engqungqutheleni yaseNtshonalanga kwaba kamuva, ikakhulukazi ngo-1874. Lokhu okusha kwakungenxa yeqembu laseBrithani elaliholwa UFlorence Crauford Grove okwakuhlanganisa noFrederick Gardner, uHorace Walker, uPeter Knubel kanye nomqondisi u-Ahiya Sottaiev. Baze bashicilela nencwadi ekhuluma ngesenzo sabo enamamephu nezithombe zomzila abawuhambile.

Kakade ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ibutho laseJalimane lathatha indawo yeNtaba i-Elbrus izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ujenene ophethe waze wathumela umkhankaso wokuhambela phezulu, into ngokusobala eyathukuthelisa uHitler njengengenamsebenzi.

Kamuva, uhlelo lwe izimoto zamakhebula ukufinyelela ukuphakama cishe amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphukela kule colossus yaseCaucasus ngomzila wakudala akulula, ngokwezobuchwepheshe, kunzima. Inkinga enkulu ozoyithola uma ufuna ukuyenza isimo sezulu, njengoba sesishilo, senza kube nzima kakhulu ukudlulela phezulu ngisho nasehlobo.

Ubunkimbinkimbi obukhulu buhlanganisa umzila osenyakatho. Ikunikeza ingqalasizinda encane kunalena eyedlule futhi uzomisa ikamu endaweni engamamitha angama-4800. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu azibikezeleki futhi iqhwa neqhwa kugcwele.

Izitshalo nezilwane endaweni ephakeme kakhulu eYurophu

Ngokuqondene neyokuqala, ifinyelela kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili i-virgin pine, i-birch kanye namahlathi omlotha lapho kukhula khona izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe namajikijolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezimfundeni eziphakeme kakhulu ungabona esinye sezihlahla eziqhakazayo ezinhle kakhulu endaweni, i-caucasus rhododendron, esinda emoyeni ngenxa yokujula kwezimpande zayo. Futhi, uma uqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ezindaweni ezinoqhwa neqhwa uzothola ama-lichens emadwaleni ahlanzekile.

Ngokuphathelene nezilwane eziphakeme kunawo wonke eYurophu, amahlathi esiwashilo ayikhaya ezihlala kuwo ibhere elinsundu, i-marten, ikati lasendle, ingwejeje, imvukuzane, i-polecat noma izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cervids. Chamois kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbuzi ezifana nentaba yasendle noma ukuvakasha kwe-caucasus. Azikho futhi izimpungushe, izimpisi nama-lynx. Mayelana nezinyoni, ungathola izinhlobo ezisongelwa njenge i-caucasus grouse, kodwa futhi i-saker ne-peregrine falcon, ukhozi lwasebukhosini nolwasebukhosini noma inqe elinentshebe.

Ekugcineni, ngokuqondene nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kukhona inala inyoka kaznakov futhi, mayelana nezilwane ezihlala emanzini, izinhlobo ezifana nenewt evamile, isele eliluhlaza, ilulwane elinsundu noma ixoxo elimnyama.

Ungafika kanjani eNtabeni i-Elbrus

Noma ngabe ikuphi imvelaphi, uma usufinyelele EMoscow kuzodingeka uthathe enye indiza ukuze usondele eduze ne-Elbrus. Izindiza ezifika eduze kakhulu yilezo ezikushiya phakathi I-Mineralnye Vody o Nalchik. Eyakamuva inhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yase I-Kabardino-Valkaria, okuka I-Russian Federation. Ungenza nohambo lwakho ngesitimela, kodwa lude kakhulu futhi lusinda.

Sikweluleka ukuthi ulethe imali eshintshiwe ngoba kulezi zindawo kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukwenza kanjalo. Uma usufikile lapho, uzodinga imoto ezokusa lapho. Terskol, ku isigodi sase-baksan, okuyindawo lapho ukukhuphukela eNtabeni i-Elbrún kuqala khona. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kule ndawo yokugcina konke kulula, okuhlanganisa nokuqondana ngesiNgisi. Isizathu siwukuthi yilapho zonke izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ezifika endaweni zigcwele khona.

Ukusuka lapho, into evamile ukuya phansi kwesigodi, ikakhulukazi ukuya Azau, lapho ungathatha khona enye yezimoto zamakhebula ezikuyisa cishe ubude obungamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namakhulu amahlanu. Iphakeme kancane Ihholo likadizili, lapho usungakwazi ukuhlasela phezulu ngosuku olulodwa.

Yini ongayibona eduze neMount Elbrus

Uma uzoqwala le colossus enezintaba, ungase futhi uthathe ithuba lokwazi amadolobha athile akuleyo ndawo. Njengoba sakutshela, Nalchik Kuyinhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yase I-Kabardino-Valkaria futhi inezakhamuzi ezicishe zibe yizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu. E-Place de la Concordia uzothola i- Indlu kahulumeni, isakhiwo esihle se-neoclassical.

Kodwa-ke, okukhanga kakhulu kwedolobha yipaki yalo enkulukazi: i Izingadi ze-Atazhukinsky. Kulokhu uzothola izinto eziningi ezikhangayo, i-zoo, amahholo nokunye ukuzijabulisa. Kodwa muhle nakakhulu I-Orthodox Cathedral kaMary Magdalene, eyaqedwa ngo-2012 futhi inethonya elicacile laseByzantine. Eduze kwalokhu, elinye isikhumbuzo esikhulu senkolo saseNálchik yisona mosque emaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyunyana neRussia eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amane edlule izinikele ku- ubungane obukhulu futhi i isikhumbuzo sikaMaria Temryukovna, indodakazi yenkosana yaseKabardin kanye nomunye wabafazi bakaTsar U-Ivan IV, eyaziwa ngele "The Terrible". Ngokufanayo, ukwakhiwa kwe- isiteshi sesitimela, olungaphambili lwaso luhlotshiswe ngamakholomu ayishumi nombhoshongo ophela ngenaliti.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, i inkundla yomjaho Yavulwa ngeminyaka yamashumi amathathu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX futhi isabela esikweni lamahhashi lasendaweni. Ekugcineni, emaphethelweni edolobha une amachibi aluhlaza, i-hydrogen sulfide yakhe idiphozithi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, ibangelwa udrako ohlala phansi futhi ochiphiza izinyembezi, futhi Izimpophoma zaseChegem nezimpophoma. Lesi sikhumbuzo semvelo sokugcina sakhiwe izimpophoma ezintathu, ngayinye ibe yinhle kakhulu.

Sike sakhuluma ngayo I-Kislovodsk, okungeye-Stavropol Krái, kanye namanzi ayo okwelapha. Kuleli dolobha, sikweluleka ukuthi uvakashele i- usanta nicholas cathedral, i-mosque kanye ne-Museum-Fortress ethakazelisayo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, sondela kokuyigugu izingadi ze-spa futhi kuya Inqaba Yenkohliso Nothando, okuyihhotela. Konke lokhu ngaphandle kokukhohlwa Kurortny Boulevard kanye nokubeka amandla Ithempeli likaPanteleimon uMphilisi.

Sengiphetha, sikukhombisile inani eliphakeme kakhulu eYurophu. Njengoba sesikutshelile, itholakala esifundeni saseCaucasus, ngaphakathi kwensimu enkulukazi. I-Russian Federation, ikakhulukazi eRiphabhulikhi ye I-Kabardino-Valkaria, isandiso esicishe sibe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nantathu esigcwele izimanga zemvelo. Awufuni ukwazi indawo ehluke kangaka?