Incopho ephezulu eYurophu

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yintoni na Incopho ephezulu eYurophu? Ukuba ufuna ukudibana naye, kuya kufuneka uhambe uye e- eCaucasus, kuba iyiyo INtaba i-Elbrus. Inobude be-5642 yeemitha, nangona, ukuba ichanekile, kuya kufuneka siyibize ngokuba yi-massif.

Kuba, ecaleni kolu nyuko okanye Entshona Elbrus, inento ebizwa ngokuba yincopho Elbrus East, nezingama-5621. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, zilandelwa yenye incopho yeentaba zaseCaucasia, INtaba iSkhara. Kwaye, emva kwabo, ngoku kufuneka sihambe siye eCordillera de IiAlps ukufumana eyesine, eyi Mont Blanc, kunye neemitha ezingama-4810 zokuphakama. Ngokubhekiselele kweyesihlanu, yabelana ngendawo ye-alpine kunye neyangaphambili, kodwa kwimeko yayo kwinxalenye yaseSwitzerland, kuba yiyo. dufour incopho, kunye neemitha ezingama-4634 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kodwa ngoku siza kuyazi ngcono le colossus yaseRussia, eyona ncopho iphakamileyo eYurophu.

Imeko yendawo

Mount Elbrus ibekwe kwicala elingasentshona kudederhu lweentaba zaseCaucasia, leyo, kunye kwiiUrals, iphawula umda phakathi kweAsia neYurophu. IkwiRiphabhlikhi yaseRashiya Kabardino-Balkaria kwaye ibekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathandathu ukusuka kwisixeko sase Kislovodsk, edume ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngamanzi ayo amayeza.

Ukukunika umbono wemilinganiselo ye-Elbrus, siya kukuxelela ukuba umkhenkce wayo osisigxina uyagcinwa amashumi amabini anesibini emikhenkce, apho kuzalwa imilambo emithathu: iMalka, iKuban kunye neBaksan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunye nokuthanda ukwazi, kufuneka wazi ukuba igama lendawo yale ntaba Mengi Tau, okuthetha "intaba yeentaba eziliwaka".

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukuba uthanda ukunyuka intaba okanye undwendwela nje udederhu lweentaba, kukuba yindawo entle kakhulu yeencochoyi zekhephu, amathambeka ahlala ngamahlathi amakhulu, amachibi azolileyo kunye nemilambo emikhulu.

Imozulu okanye ixesha lokutyelela eyona ndawo iphakamileyo eYurophu

Ukuba ucinga ukuya kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo eYurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imozulu kuba inokudlala amaqhinga kuwe. Ebusika, iirejista eziphezulu amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-50 degrees ngaphantsi kwe-zero. Nangona kunjalo, iintlambo zishushu kwaye oku kunokukhokelela kwikhephu elinzima kunye nemvula. Ngokubhekiselele kokugqibela, banokudlula ngokulula kwi-1000 millimeters.

Ngokwenxalenye yalo, ehlotyeni, malunga nesiqingatha seentsuku ezinelanga. Nangona kunjalo, imimoya yenza ukuba iimeko zemozulu zingabi ntle kwaphela. Enyanisweni, ngaphezu kwamawaka amane eemitha, kukho iimeko ze isaqhwithi seqhwa oko phantse kuthintele ngokupheleleyo ukubonakala. Ngamafutshane, ukuba ucinga ngokunyuka i-Elbrus, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba imozulu ayizukukunika lula.

Intwana yembali yeNtaba i-Elbrus

Ngokwezelizwe, le ntaba yavela, njengeCaucasus yonke, ngo Ukungqubana kwepleyiti yaseArabia neEurasia, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwiinyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu kulo mmandla. Intaba i-Elbrus yaqala ukumila malunga nezigidi ezilishumi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Bagubungela indawo ethile Iikhilomitha ezi-260 ezikwere ngamaqhekeza e-tuff, i-rhyolite, i-rhyodacite kunye ne-ignimbrite. Emva koko, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwe-uranium-lead lwaqhubeka de kwamalunga namakhulu asixhenxe amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Kwelinye icala, into ebumbongo ngakumbi yile nto intsomi isixelela ngayo ngo-Elbrus. Ngokutsho koku, entabeni wayekhonkxiwe I-Prometeo, i-titan eyeba umlilo kwizithixo ukuba awunike abantu, ngokuba Zeus. Kodwa ukuqina kwembali ngakumbi kuneendlela ezimbini zokuqala zokunyuka ukuya phezulu.

Owokuqala ukufika eMpuma waba ngumkhokeli Khillar Khashirov, kwintloko yephulo lezenzululwazi le Umkhosi wasebukhosini waseRashiya ethunyelwe nguye Jikelele uEmmanuel. Ngokwekhalenda kaJulius, kwakungoJulayi 10, 1829. Kwelinye icala, ukufika kwincopho yaseNtshona kwaba kamva, ngokukodwa ngowe-1874. UFlorence Crauford Grove ekwaquka uFrederick Gardner, uHorace Walker, uPeter Knubel kunye nesikhokelo uAhiya Sottaiev. Bade bapapasha nencwadi ethetha ngesenzo sabo eneemephu neefoto zendlela abahambe ngayo.

Sele kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, umkhosi waseJamani wathatha indawo yeNtaba i-Elbrus kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa. Umphathi-mkhosi wada wathumela iphulo lokuya phezulu, nto leyo ekubonakala ukuba yamcaphukisa uHitler njengelize.

Emva koko, inkqubo ye iimoto cable ukufikelela kubude obumalunga namawaka amane eemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kule colossus yeCaucasus ngendlela yakudala ayikho, ngokobuchwepheshe, kunzima. Eyona ngxaki inkulu oya kuyifumana ukuba ufuna ukuyenza yimozulu, njengoko besitshilo, yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqhubela phambili ukuya phezulu nasehlotyeni.

Ubunzima obukhulu bugubungela indlela esemantla. Ikunika isiseko esincinci kuneso sangaphambili kwaye kuya kufuneka umise inkampu kumphakamo weemitha ezingama-4800. Ukongezelela, iimeko zemozulu azinakuqikelelwa nangakumbi yaye zizele ngumkhenkce nekhephu.

Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana kweyona ncopho iphakamileyo eYurophu

Ngokumalunga neyokuqala, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingamawaka amabini virgin pine, birch kunye amahlathi ash apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamakhowa kunye namajikijolo zikhula. Kwicala layo, kumadlelo aphakamileyo ungabona enye yezona tyholo zihle kakhulu zentyatyambo kwindawo, iCaucasus rhododendron, esinda kwimimoya ngenxa yobunzulu beengcambu zayo. Kwaye, ukuba uqhubeka nokunyuka, kwiindawo zeqhwa kunye nekhephu uya kufumana i-lichens kumatye acocekileyo.

Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana ezikweyona ncopho iphakamileyo eYurophu, amahlathi esiwakhankanyileyo likhaya ezihlala kuzo ibhere emdaka, i-marten, ikati yasendle, i-squirrel, i-mole, i-polecat okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cervids. Chamois kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhokhwe ezifana nentaba yasendle okanye ukhenketho lwaseCaucasus. Kwakhona akukho ukunqongophala kweempungutye, iingcuka kunye neelynx. Ngokuphathelele iintaka, unokufumana iintlobo ezisengozini ezifana ne iCaucasus grouse, kodwa kunye ne-saker kunye ne-peregrine falcon, ukhozi lwasebukhosini nolwasebukhosini okanye ixhalanga elineentshebe.

Ekugqibeleni, ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, kukho ubuninzi irhamba kaznakov kwaye, ngokumalunga nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, iindidi ezifana nenewt eqhelekileyo, ixoxo eliluhlaza, ilulwane elimdaka okanye isele elimnyama.

Ungafika njani kwiNtaba ye-Elbrus

Nokuba yeyiphi na imvelaphi yakho, xa sele ufikile EMoscow kuya kufuneka uthathe enye inqwelomoya ukuze usondele e-Elbrus. Iinqwelomoya ezisondela kakhulu zezo zikushiya ngaphakathi Mineralnye Vody o Nalchik. Eli lokugqibela likomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi ye Kabardino-Valkaria, eyeyakwa I-Federación Rusa. Unokwenza uhambo lwakho ngololiwe, kodwa lude kwaye lunzima.

Sikucebisa ukuba uze nemali etshintshiweyo kuba kwezi ndawo kuya kuba nzima kuwe ukwenza njalo. Wakuba ufikile apho, uya kufuna isithuthi sokukusa apho. Terskol, kwi intlambo yaseBaksan, eyona ndawo iqalayo ukunyuka iNtaba i-Elbrún. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kule ndawo yokugqibela yonke into ilula, kuquka ukuqondana ngesiNgesi. Isizathu kukuba yindawo apho zonke iindwendwe zangaphandle eziza kwindawo zigxininiswe.

Ukusuka apho, into eqhelekileyo kukuya emazantsi entlambo, ngokukodwa ukuya Azau, apho unokuthatha enye yeemoto zeentambo ezikuthatha ukuya kutsho malunga namawaka amathathu anamakhulu amahlanu eemitha ubude. Ingaphezulu kancinci Indlu yedizili, ukusuka apho unokuthi uhlasele khona phezulu ngosuku olunye.

Yintoni onokuyibona kufuphi neNtaba i-Elbrus

Ukuba uza kunyuka le ntaba icolossus, usenokufumana ithuba lokwazi ezinye iidolophu ezikuloo mmandla. Njengoko sikuxelele, Nalchik Likomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi ye Kabardino-Valkaria kwaye inabemi abamalunga namakhulu amathathu amawaka. KwiNdawo de la Concordia uya kufumana Indlu kaRhulumente, isakhiwo esimangalisayo se-neoclassical.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto inomtsalane kule dolophu yipaki yayo enkulu: i Iigadi ze-Atazhukinsky. Kule ndawo uya kufumana izinto ezininzi ezikhangayo, i-zoo, iiholo kunye nolunye ulonwabo. Kodwa intle ngakumbi Icawa yaseOrthodox yaseMary Magdalene, egqitywe kwi-2012 kunye neempembelelo ezicacileyo zaseByzantine. Ecaleni koku, elinye ilitye lesikhumbuzo elikhulu lonqulo laseNálchik lilo i-mosque ephakathi.

Kwelinye icala, umanyano kunye neRashiya ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezine ezidlulileyo uzinikele kwi arch ubuhlobo kunye isikhumbuzo kuMaria Temryukovna, intombi yenkosana yaseKabardin kunye nomnye wabafazi beTsar UIvan IV, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "The Terrible". Ngokunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwe Isikhululo sikaloliwe, i-facade yayo ihlotshiswe ngeekholomu ezilishumi kunye nenqaba ephela ngenaliti.

Ngenxalenye yalo, i ibala lomdyarho Yasungulwa kwiminyaka yamashumi amathathu enkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye isabela kwisithethe samahashe saloo ndawo. Ekugqibeleni, ngaphandle kwesixeko unayo i amachibi blue, idiphozithi ye-hydrogen sulfide ibangelwa, ngokutsho kwentsomi, kwinamba ehlala ezantsi kwaye ilila iinyembezi, kwaye Umwonyo waseChegem kunye neengxangxasi. Esi sikhumbuzo sokugqibela sendalo senziwe ziingxangxasi ezintathu, nganye intle ngakumbi.

Siye sathetha nange Kislovodsk, eyeyakuthiwa yiStavropol Krái, kunye namanzi ayo amayeza. Kule dolophu, sikucebisa ukuba undwendwele i ingcwele yicholas cathedral, i-mosque kunye ne-Museum-Fortress enomdla. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, sondela kwizinto ezixabisekileyo izitiya ze-spa kunye Inqaba Yenkohliso Nothando, eyihotele. Konke oku ngaphandle kokulibala Kurortny Boulevard kunye nokunyanzeliswa Itempile yePanteleimon uMphilisi.

Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise ifayile ye- Incopho ephezulu eYurophu. Njengoko sikuxelele, ifumaneka kwingingqi yeCaucasus, ngaphakathi kwendawo enkulu yelizwe. I-Federación Rusa, ngakumbi ngakumbi kwiRiphabhlikhi ye Kabardino-Valkaria, ulwandiso olumalunga neshumi elinesithathu lamawaka eekhilomitha ezikwere ezigcwele imimangaliso yendalo. Ngaba awufuni ukuyazi indawo ekhethekileyo ngolo hlobo?